摘要:

As the American Geophysical Union starts a new fiscal year, our thoughts naturally turn to its budget. As the budget is the direct concern of every member, it appears worth while to review briefly the finances of the organization.The annual budget of the AGU currently approximates three‐quarters of a million dollars a year. Although this amount is neither niggardly nor overwhelming as compared with the budgets of some other organizations, it is large enough to place a considerable burden of responsibility on the executive officers of the Union to see that a balanced budget is maintained. Because most budgets are presentations of not easily evaluated columns of figures, we would prefer to use a simple graphical representation of the AGU's budget with some explanatory remark

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i001p00001

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Because it is anticipated that most resolutions will be considered at the opening Plenary Session, it is urged that any who contemplate the presentation of resolutions should forward these resolutions by April 15 to Helmut E. Landsberg (5107 53rd Avenue, Yorkshire Village, Washington 22, D. C.; telephone 440–7287), Chairman of the American Geophysical Union's Committee on Resolutions.Each resolution presented to the Committee should include (a) names of original submitters, (b) whether presented to a Section, and action taken, and (c) whether action is desired in the Plenary Session, or whether the resolution is regarded as only for a particular Section or as one which would be more effective as a general resolution of the whole Union. In addition to the Union's Committee on Resolutions each Section has a Resolutions Committee. Section officers can supply information concerning thes

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i001p00005

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The U. S. Geological Survey has just announced the publication of the Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Map of the United States. This map, fourteen years in the making was prepared by the writer as Chairman of the AGU Special Committee for the Geophysical and Geological Study of the Continents. The active cooperation of many individuals and groups throughout the country was essential since the number of gravity observations, running into hundreds of thousands of measurements distributed on an eight‐ to fifteen‐mile spacing over much of the country, represents an undertaking beyond the capacity of a single individual or group. The five major sources of data were oil companies, government agencies, private exploration companies, mining companies, and universities. As much of the data was of a proprietary nature, the sponsorship of the AGU was a critical factor in obtaining it from company sources, since management policy does not favor the release of information that has cost the company large sums of money, especially to an individual. Similarly, the role of the AGU cannot be overemphasized in obtaining the active cooperation of government agencies and universities in releasing data prior to publicat

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i001p00197

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An effort to share with colleagues in scientific fields and with the public, who underwrite much of the cost, some of the excitement and interest of geophysics research has been made under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences. The Panel on Solid‐Earth Problems, a joint panel of the Academy's Division of Earth Sciences and Geophysics Research Board, has conducted a thorough review of current research in solid‐Earth geophysics with a view toward outlining the major foreseeable problems and challenges in solid‐earth geophysics, together with estimates of the scope of research activities that can be undertaken in the coming decade. The activities of universities and academic institutions, and of the government laboratories were considered, and the support of these activities by federal, state, and private sources was taken into account. The study was recently published as a report of the National Academy of Sciences entitledSolid‐Earth Geophysics: Survey and

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i001p00203

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The gravity control network in the western United States is a critical part of the over‐all national gravity control network of pendulum and gravimeter bases, in that it contains the United States part of the North American primary gravity standardization and calibration range. Gravity control prior to 1951 was based on the pendulum gravity station network that had been established by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey [Duerksen, 1949]. This network of gravity bases, consisting of approximately 1200 stations, gave good regional coverage of the country and was believed to have a reliability of about ±1.0 mgal. However, as regional gravimeter coverage was developed throughout the country, it became obvious that the pendulum base network was subject to both systematic and random errors. The systematic errors appeared to be related to (1) time, in that all measurements made during a given field season might be off by a fixed amount, and (2) latitude, presumably because no corrections were made for the effect of changes in magnetic field strength on the period of the Invar pendulum used. The random errors resulted from poor measurements occasioned by local environmental effects or poor radio reception and tares (abrupt changes in pendulum perio

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i001p00205-2

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The existing gravity base network of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey is shown in Figure 1. The first gravity meter base traverse was made in 1959 between San Diego, California, and Bellingham, Washington. This traverse is the one closest to the Pacific Ocean, and the base stations are 20–30 miles apart and are coincident with Coast and Geodetic spirit‐level bench marks. Calibration for this line is based on values at San Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Seattle. These controlling values were determined by east‐west ties to our midcontinent calibration line and to the Commerce base in Washington, using commercial air tran

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i001p00209

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office has an active program of measuring gravity at sea and on land, which includes the establishment of a World Gravity Base Network and of operational check ranges for testing gravity meters. In addition to these activities it collects and riles all published or unpublished gravity data that it can obtain from the literature or private sources.Collected data is entered on punched cards in a standard format which includes the security classification of the observation, its latitude, longitude, and either height in meters (on land) or sounding in fathoms (at sea). Then are punched the observed gravity data corrected to the ‘Potsdam’ datum, as adopted by the IUGG, an evaluation of the accuracy of the measurement, the free‐air anomaly according to the 1930 International Gravity Formula, and an evaluation of the accuracy of the free air anomaly. Then follow the year, month, day, and hour of the observation, the type of instrument used, and the mode of observation (whether land, sea surface, submarine, or underwater). The base station used, the correction to the reported base value to reduce it to the ‘Potsdam’ system, the source of the data, and a file number complete the information recorded. Complete base station descriptions with adopted gravity values are maintained in a subsidiary file, and a second subsidiary file contains references to and summaries of the sources from which the data were obtained. The file number designates the geographic 10‐minute square in which the observation

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i001p00211

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1958 an extremely precise geodetic gravity meter became available for use by the authors. This meter was checked against two North American calibration ranges and has been used to establish some geodetic gravity values in the western United States and a short calibration range in southern California. Some submarine gravity meter measurements in the northeastern Pacific Ocean are also given.The LaCoste‐Romberg geodetic meter DL‐1. This meter is a large double‐lever geodetic meter with factors of approximately 1 and 0.1 mgal/ turn on the large and small measuring dials.1The large dial has a worldwide range and the small dial a range of about 220 mgal. Readings at a single station are reproducible to about 0.01 mgal. The drift rate early in 1958 was closely linear and about 1 mgal/month in magnitude. It has since decreased steadily to a negligibly small

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i001p00212

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The following summary of the U. S. Geological Survey gravity program in Washington, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming is one of a series of short papers that outline Geological Survey gravity projects in the western United States. The substance of this summary is a list of references of published papers on U. S. Geological Survey gravity projects in the northwestern states together with an index map (Figure 1) showing the location of the project, the approximate a real coverage reported in the publication, and the contour map given in the publication. Areas in Figure 1 are related to the References (part 2) by a number code. In addition, the gravity projects in progress are listed in Table 1, indicating the area in which the work is being done and the person in charge of the project. Capital letter relate the locations of the projects in Figure 1 to the list of projects in Table 1. No attempt has been made to indicate the areal coverage or contour interval of the projects in progress.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i001p00214

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the past 10 years, personnel of the U. S. Geological Survey have made about 14,000 observations of the Earth's gravity field in California, about 13,000 in Nevada, 3,400 in Oregon, and about 1,000 in the Hawaiian Islands. The total number of stations established in the four states is slightly in excess of 30,000.Much of this work has been done in support of the Geological Survey's basic programs of investigating natural resources, mapping regional geology, and studying geological processes [U. S. Geological Survey, 1963]. Several gravity investigations have also been conducted at the request of other Federal and state agencies to choose sites for underground nuclear weapons tests or to discover sources of such strategic commodities as uranium, boron, and water.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i001p00218

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY