摘要:

The American Geophysical Union was established in 1919 as the American Committee of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, and its Executive Committee on Geophysics of the National Research Council. The objects of the Union are to promote the study of problems concerned with the figure and physics of the Earth, to initiate and coordinate researches which depend upon international and national cooperation, and to provide for their scientific discussion and publication. In the accomplishment of these objects, the Union is divided into Sections following the plan of organization of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. There are now eight Sections, namely, (a) Geodesy, (b) Seismology, (c) Meteorology, (d) Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity, (e) Oceanography, (f) Volcanology, (g) Hydrology, and (h) Tectonophysics. A Section of Geophysical Chemistry was discontinued May 31, 1924, as the International Union had failed to provide such a Section. The Section of Hydrology was established November 15, 1930—matters pertaining to scientific hydrology referred to the American Geophysical Union had been previously looked after by special committees on Hydrology. The Section of Tectonophysics was established April 9, 1940, for the purpose of promoting and encouraging research of fundamental importance to our knowledge of Earth‐structure not covered in any one of the other Sections of the Un

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR023i001p00002

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Water has been commonly regarded as “free as air”. Increasing recognition of groundwater as a resource which requires conservation and wise utilization gave both scientific and popular appeal to the joint meeting of the American Geophysical Union, the Geological Society of America, and Section E of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The session, one of a series of symposia on the Geology and Geography of the Southwest, was held Tuesday morning, December 30, 1941, in room 616 of the First Baptist Church of Dallas, Texas, during the one hundred and tenth annual meeting of the American Association. Dr. Charles N. Gould, retired director of the Geological Survey of Oklahoma, presided. Attendance passed the one hundred m

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR023i001p00005

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Geologists are concerned with the rock‐systems that form the crust of the Earth. The groundwater geologists are concerned with the rock‐systems specifically because the open spaces which the rocks contain serve as reservoirs and conduits for water—water which performs a large part of the geologic work that is in progress today and has been in progress during past ages; water which affects profoundly the whole hydrologic cycle and is still the principal source of water‐supply for mankind, as it has been for primitive man and the other land animals before the time of artificial wat

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR023i001p00006

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The High Plains in Texas occupy an area of about 35,000 square miles extending from the northern boundary of the Panhandle southward about 300 miles, and from the New Mexico line eastward an average distance of about 120 miles to a boundary which in most places is sharply defined by a bold escarpment several hundred feet in height.The region is noted for its abundant supply of ground‐water, most of which is found in the Ogallala formation, a sandy deposit lying at or near the surface throughout most of the region, and reaching a depth of between 200 and 300 feet. The Ogallala formerly extended over a much greater area, but it has been removed by erosion from much of the territory it once occupied. The areas in which it remains are the High Plains, which are bounded by prominent escarpments both on the east and on the west, and are traversed in Texas by the Canadian River, which is deeply entrenched in the older rocks. The water‐bearing sands of the Ogallala in both segments are cut off in all directions from any underground connection, except through the underlying older rocks which contain highly mineralized water unlike the fresh water in the Ogallala. The source of the fresh water, therefore, is within the High Plains themselves, and is from the rain and snow that falls on the surface of the Pla

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR023i001p00009

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For more than a generation, farmers in the Southwest have been recovering ground‐water to apply them to their lands. Too seldom has there been any irrigation‐planning carried on with the aid of qualified technicians, and the result in many cases has been that the ground‐water has been mined and exploited with a narrow and injudicious objective in

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR023i001p00015

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Edwards limestone of Lower Cretaceous age is the principal water‐bearing formation in a belt 5 to 25 miles wide that extends from Austin southwest to San Antonio and thence west through Uvalde and Del Rio to Comstock, a distance of about 250 miles (see Fig. 1). Throughout this belt it supplies water to wells for stock, industrial, irrigation, and municipal use and to a series of fault‐springs, some of which are among the largest in the United States. These springs have played an important part in the economic and cultural development of Texas. In 1718 the Spaniards stationed a department of light infantry near the springs at San Antonio and soon after established missions and constructed elaborate systems of canals for irrigating considerable areas. After the winning of Texas' independence large numbers of settlers moved into the area. This influx was greatly accelerated following the admission of Texas to the Federal Union and towns were soon established near all of the major springs. However, it was not until about 1880 that the rapid development of the Edwards limestone aquifer by wells was be

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR023i001p00019

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The drainage‐basin of the Pecos River in New Mexico is a broad asymmetric trough extending from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains southward into Texas (see Fig. 1). It is bounded on the east by the westward facing escarpment of the High Plains and on the west by the crests of the Guadalupe, Sacramento and Sierra Blanca mountains, and a poorly defined divide extending northward through Gallinas Mountain and Pedernal Mountain to Glorieta Mesa. Most of the basin is formed by extensive upland erosion‐surfaces that slope gently toward the river. The valley proper, through much of its length, is relatively narrow and is bounded by steep marginal bluffs, but in some sections, notably between Acme and Lakewood (the Roswell artesian basin) and between Carlsbad and Black River, it is considerably expanded and the lowlands adjoining the river extend from 3 to 16 miles back from the ri

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR023i001p00027

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the closing years of the 19th century, Haworth [see 1 and 2 of “References” at end of paper] and Johnson [3]noted the abundant depressions resembling sink‐holes in the Southern High Plains, especially in Meade and Clark counties, Kansas, and Beaver County, Oklahoma. Johnson was of the opinion that all the depressions and basins in this region were due to solution, whereas Haworth [1] believed the Meade artesian basin to be structural, although he held to a solutional origin for the Ashland and Englewood basins, which are a few miles to the

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR023i001p00035

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Lufkin Area, as the term is used in this paper, is comprised of Angelina and Nacogdoches counties, Texas, and parts of adjoining counties. Its surface is gently rolling, with a maximum relief of about 150 feet and a maximum altitude of less than 400 feet. The average annual rainfall is about 45 inches. Practically all of the water‐supplies in the area come from ground‐water and it has been found that the Carrizo sand contains water of better quality and is more productive than any other water‐bearing formation in the area [see 1 of “References” at end of paper]. Figure 1 is a map of the area, showing the positions of the cities of Lufkin and Nacogdoches, the wells of the Southland Paper Mill, and other wells mentioned in t

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR023i001p00040

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Queen Creek, considered in this paper, is a typical large desert wash. It rises in the Pinal Mountains near the mining town of Superior and enters the outwash‐plain at Black Point about three miles north of Florence Junction (see Fig. 1). Thence it passes over the desert in a southwesterly direction toward Chandler, spreads over the lowlands, and disappears. The flow of the stream consists almost entirely of storm‐water and is of the quick, flashy type common to the deserts of the Southwest. In ordinary years the stream is dry most of the time. Formerly the flood‐waters spread over the floor of the desert and did no harm. Now, however, they invade highly cultivated lands that are irrigated with water from Salt River or from wells, and cause serious damage to both crops and canals. The damage could be prevented by storing the stormwaters in a reservoir formed by a dam at or above Black

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR023i001p00049

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY