ISSN:0511-4780    

DOI:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1966.tb00018.x

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA theoretical approach to the problems concerning the relations between plants and their environment, methodically allied with the discipline of cybernetics and based on researches made into plant succession.Three fundamental relations of universal character have been distinguished, the third of which is showing the basic connection betweenpatternandprocess. The three basic relations also provide an approach to the effects ofconcentrationanddispersionin space and time, which phenomena are considered as to be of dominant importance with regard to pattern and process.The relations associated with concentration and dispersion on their turn have proved to be an useful expedient for getting a better understanding of the ecological relations in border areas, which have been divided in two main types of boundaries, respectively described as “limes convergens” (ecotone) and “limes divergens” (ecocline).Many examples are given with regard to the application of the

ISSN:0511-4780    

DOI:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1966.tb00019.x

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA short history of Dutch dune vegetation research is presented as an introduction to the present research in the Delta region. Remarkably enough the main results of dune research were presented as dissertations. The classics F. Holkema, L. Vuyck, J. Jeswiet, J. Bijhouwerand W.vanDierenare mentioned.The broadening basis is marked by the outstanding thesis of V. Westhoff, the first all‐round phytosociological and ecological study of Dutch dunes. New ideas from this work are mentioned. The work of some pupils and collaborators of Westhoffis discussed.The new approach consists of concentration of the research in the Delta region, development of new ideas and establishment of field stations in the dunes.The scientific value of the Delta dunes is treated. Especially the Voorne dunes are considered as outstanding. Some future changes that threaten the area, are mentioned. The organisation of the Delta dune research is discussed, especially the work of a special Research Group, operating from the Biological Station “Weevers' Duin” at Voorne.The current botanical problems are treated. It is stressed that they are placed in the framework of the ecological relation theory of C. G.vanLeeuwen, which is a new, highly stimulating, system‐theoretical approach. This relation theory is introduced and commented.Four environmental types are treated, the uniform, the variegated, the ecotone and the ecocline environment.The dune environment is discussed as a system of gradients. The main gradients are mentioned: the zonation of dry dunes, zonation of slacks, gradient from sea dunes towards estuaries, the complex salt‐fresh gradient, the complex wet‐dry gradient, and the complex gradient in the human and animal factors.The dune vegetation is treated as a continuum 24 vegetational series are mentioned. A series consists of closely related communities, forming a continuum.Some problems concerning selection and sampling are discussed. The controversy between Anglo‐American and Zürich‐Montpellier scholars is elucidated on some points. The Braun‐Blanquet scale of combined estimation is advocated.The study of pattern and instability in vegetation research is emphasized. Some methods in structure analysis are mentioned. Recent problems in vegetation systematics are discussed. The application of methods in the Delta research is consequently mentioned.An extensive bibliography, covering important botanical work in Dutch dun

ISSN:0511-4780    

DOI:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1966.tb00020.x

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0511-4780    

DOI:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1966.tb00021.x

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the marshy fen country of N.W. Overijsel the hydroseres have been studied ecologically. Several successional sequences could be discerned, which develop as more or less independent and parallel series, but are cross‐connected by a continuous range of intermediate and transitional types of vegetation.In the diagram of these hydroseres the vertical direction from top to bottom represents the progressive succession, and the direction from left to right the increase in the degree of trophism and of various forms of disturbance and interference such as dunging and pollution.The ecological conditions prevailing in the successive stages of each hydrosere are described, much importance being attributed to the local fluctuations of certain environmental factors. This was substantiated by repeatedly taking water samples in the same spot during the course of the growing season. In many cases the maximum and minimum values of the range are of much greater significance than the average value. In this connection several species of bryophytes are valuable indicators.In the seres within the area under investigation, and more manifestly so in seres in other parts of Europe (including those occurring in more alkaline situations), several vicarious species (e.g., species ofDrepanocladus, Campylium, Riccardia, Pellia, Calliergon, Mnium, Bryum, Sphagnum, Eriophorum, Carex, Dactylorchis and Salix) can be recognised in the comparable phases of the hydrosere.Special attention is focussed on phenomena associated with seepage and their striking effects on the vegetatio

ISSN:0511-4780    

DOI:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1966.tb00022.x

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0511-4780    

DOI:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1966.tb00023.x

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0511-4780    

DOI:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1966.tb00024.x

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0511-4780    

DOI:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1966.tb00025.x

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY