摘要:

Abstract.—A total of 91 Swedish high‐school students, in four groups, estimated their degree of involvement in each of 4 potential future events, which were assumed to occur at 5 alternative points in time within the next 75 years. In addition, estimates were made of the relative importance of the events as well as of their subjective probability and influenceability. Factor analysis revealed two different time‐involvement relations: (1) involvement decreasing slowly with increasing temporal distance for the two next decades. and then rapidly approaching zero, and (2) involvement decreasing rapidly for the nearest decades, and then slowly approaching an asymptotic value. Subjects representing the first trend gave consistently higher estimates of event probability. Relative involvement for the events was judged differently by subjects in natural‐science and social‐science lines of

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00155.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—A presumed relationship between selfstimulation of the brain and sexual behavior was studied in two experiments. In the first experiment the male rat was allowed self‐stimulation during a period of 5 minutes and thereafter transferred to a mating cage with a female. No effects of the self‐stimulation were recorded in the mating behavior. In the second experiment the male was allowed one intromission and thereafter presented with a lever for self‐stimulation, still having access to the female. The sexual responses were completely inhibited, and selfstimulation at normal rate resumed. It was concluded that there is no necessary link between self‐stimulation of the brain and sexual

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00156.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—Recall of relevant and irrelevant items was examined under different types of set, where selection was procured either by a figural or a cognitive attribute of the items. Letters and digits were differentiated by their colour or position (S‐set), or by their mutual class (R‐set). Recall ofirrelevantitems proved consistently poorer with selection based on S‐set than on R‐set. the effect beeing enhanced, the greater the number of items involved. Response latency increased with number of items, being greatest under R‐set. The differentiation between relevant and irrelevant categories thus appeared more effective with selection procured by figural attributes, which suggests different levels of information processing of these categories under the two t

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00157.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—Sutherland's (1954) much discussed experimental design was analysed in a new fashion. When the original experiment was repeated as such, the expected FAE was found. However, when the same IFs and TFs were presented in a vertical position, no significant FAEs were found. The results lend support to the interpretation presented earlier by Kolehmainen (1968): The FAE found by Sutherland was apparently due to an uncontrolled binocular disparity resulting in a different localization of stimulus figures in respect to the fixation poin

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00158.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—An experiment was performed to investigate the importance of methodological differences between magnitude estimation and category rating. It was found that the form of a scale varied with(a)the range of responses used by the subject and(b)with his freedom of choosing a highest number. Other factors investigated played a minor role. A narrow range and fixed upper scale value yielded the typical category scale, a wide range with no restriction on the highest value the typical magnitude scale. The same factors that determined the form of the scale also affected the Weber function

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00159.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—In a cross‐modal version of an experiment by Smith et al. (1959), the effects ofsubliminalauditory cue words upon judgements of asupraliminalvisual stimulus (a neutral face), were examined. Support was found for the hypothesis that material in an unattended channel is fully analysed for meaning, and may be integrated with material in an attended channel when it is relevant to the ongoing task. Contrary to expectations, the effects of the subliminal cues were found to carry over to trials on which the face was presented without concurrent auditory stimulation, thus providing support for the Poetzl phenome

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00160.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—After completion of learning tasks with two different levels of cue intercorrelation(ru=0.00 and 0.80) the detection of cue intercorrelation was tested with either a reproduction or a recognition method in a 2×2 factorial design. The reproduction method yielded an almost perfect matching between the reproduced intercorrelations and the intercorrelations of the tasks, while the recognition method resulted in systematically lower subjective intercorrelations. For the recognition method the subjective intercorrelation was found to vary with the criterion of recognition, so that the stricter the criterion, the higher the subjective intercorrelati

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00161.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—In a task‐oriented concept learning situation with 30 children, 12–13 years of age, as subjects, the concept to be learned was made unfamiliar by using labels which had no bearing on the defining attributes. Under these conditions it was found that the categorization of the stimulus figures became more difficult and that identification of the defining attributes preceded an adequate categorization of the stimulus figures. But forcing the child into identification of the attributes before he started to categorize the stimulus figures did not result in better concept learning s

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00162.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—Rats' lever pressing was reinforced with a sucrose solution. In the presence of a tone pressing one lever was reinforced on a FR 40 schedule, in the absence of the tone pressing another lever was reinforced on a FR 20 schedule. The components alternated every fourth minute. In both components, the duration of pauses in lever pressing after reinforcement was positively correlated with the duration of licking the empty sucrose‐delivery mechanism. In the FR 40 component, the duration of pauses was also positively correlated with the number of presses on the non‐reforced lever. Licking and non‐reinforced lever pressing were decreased when the rate of reinforced lever pressing was high. The response interactions were similar to those described for concurrent reinforcement sc

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—A review is given of the achievements of more than one hundred years of research concerning the influence of muscular tonus on the perceptual phenomena related to human spatial orientation. The tonal conditions of both the extrinsic eye muscles and the complex system of skeletal muscles have been shown to have decisive influence on “egocentric localization”. The factual median is perceived as being displaced in the direction of the side of the body with greater tonus. This is the case whether the tonic asymmetry is experimentally induced or natural. Corresponding to this fact, a spot of light in the dark situated at the factual eye level will be perceived as being situated above the experienced eye level. The influence on egocentric localization exercised by prolonged fixation of greater or smaller parts of the muscular system (especially of the eye muscles) is pointed out. This “fixation effect” seems to be in accordance with conceiving the postural system of the body by analogy with a servo‐mechanical system, the feed‐back part of which

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY