摘要:

An alternative interpretation is offered of some factor analytic studies of ratings of aesthetic stimuli. Earlier interpretation has been in terms of two orthogonal factors, Evaluation and Activity. The re‐interpretation is based on the circular fan‐like structure of the factor plot, reflected in a high degree of order in the correlation matrix (the curvex structure), the semantically meaningful progression of the bi‐polar adjective scales around the circle, and the fact that the stimulus objects in some cases are located along an ordered continuum in the factor space. Coombs and Kao's application of unfolding concepts to factor analysis of preferential choice data and Guttman's concept of order factor analysis is applied. It is proposed that the ratings reflect one underlying stimulus dimension, objective complexity, and that the rating scales represent ideal points along this dimension. The scales Pleasing, Interesting and Complex are hypothesized to reach their ideal point at increasingly higher levels of objective complexity. Ten of the 13 factor analyses studied were in agreement with the hypot

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1980.tb00335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study was directed towards uncovering differences in socio‐political ideology between males and females. The subjects consisted of 532 Swedish high school students from metropolitan Stockholm. All subjects were from the same grade and of approximately the same age (18 years). The results failed to disclose any significant differences in the political party preference of males and females. However, there were a number of statistically significant differences in the socio‐political attitudes of males and females as measured by the S5 Conservatism Scale. Females were found to be less generally conservative, less racist, pro‐western, punitive and more religious and egalitarian than males. Despite certain ideological differences between males and females, the socio‐political attitude profiles and the attitude structures, as measured by profile and factor analyses, were quite similar for males and females. The results are discussed in terms of four schools of thought concerning the sources of sex‐related differences in politi

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1980.tb00336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to assess the construct validity of the Bern Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), a questionnaire which measures pyschological androgyny. Psychological androgyny refers to the fact that a person may possess both traits traditionally considered feminine, and traits traditionlly considered masculine, i.e. that femininity and masculinity are two independent dimensions. Eight different groups, chosen because their androgyny scores were expected to differ, participated in the study. The groups differed as expected and this is taken as an evidence that the BSRI has construct validity and that it is valid for Swedish conditions.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1980.tb00337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From previous investigations on the enuresis problem a distinction between primary and secondary enuresis is established. The first type concerns children who have never been dry and the second those with acquired enuresis. The theory is advanced that primary enuresis is a development problem mainly due to delayed cortical development or insufficient bladder capacity, whereas secondary enuresis is regarded as caused by an increased anxiety level. Some social and psychological factors in this theory, i.e., the mother's working conditions, the social status of the family, and the sex of the child, are empirically examined in an investigation of 82 children 7–15 years old. The results support the view that the main factors in the enuresis problem are related to the child's daily practice and in the socialization form of the famil

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1980.tb00338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The psychological effects on child and family of myelomeningocele, a severe multihandicapping, congenital malformation of the spinal cord, is being followed in a longitudinal, interdisciplinary investigation. The first unselected sample of 30 children has been tested at regular intervals up till school age and their parents interviewed. Results indicate that the condition is often associated with psychomotor retardation in various degrees, depending on the seriousness of neurological complications. An unexpected finding was that performance level tended to improve with increasing age, mean IQ being lowest in the first couple of years approaching normal in the preschool years. After a crisis period from the last part of the child's first year till approximately 2 years, the strain on the family seems to lessen considerably and an improvement of psychological functioning and well‐being can be observed. In the preschool years relatively few emotional and behavioral difficulties were registere

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1980.tb00339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A test designed to differentiate between conventional and postconventional moral reasoning was completed by 56 university students, who also rated positive and negative items in four general moral content areas. Postconventionality was related to relatively greater stress on social and especially on international moral content. Overall and within‐area differences were discussed with reference to the structural characteristics of each type of moral orientation, especially the consequences of the postconventional capacity to apply ideal role‐taking in moral reason

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1980.tb00340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Contrasting interpretations of the role of overt, exploratory activity in problem solving was evaluated by presenting a task that could be solved by the application of afamiliarphysical principle under abstract and concrete conditions. Contrary to what is found underunfamiliartask conditions, superior problem solving performance was obtained under the abstract condition. The findings support the hypothesis that the utility of overt, exploratory activity is related to the degree of novelty of the task.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1980.tb00341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1980.tb00342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a study of the retrograde amnesic effect of bilateral ECT, twelve patients were subjects in a repeated measures design. Both verbal and nonverbal materials were used and retention was tested with different methods: Yes‐no recognition, forced‐choice recognition and recall cued by initial letters. The absolute amount of retrograde amnesia was small; there seemed to be no difference between verbal and nonverbal materials, and cueing with initial letters was not found to be an effective method of reducing amne

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1980.tb00343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two studies of the effects of partial information (initial‐letter cueing) on amnesic and normal performance are reported. In Experiment I the beneficial effects of partial information on the performance of patients treated with ECT were confirmed. In Experiment II normal subjects were tested after different retention intervals with yes‐no recognition and initial‐letter cueing. With the yes‐no recognition data corrected for guessing, an interaction between method of testing and retention interval was obtained. It is argued that the beneficial effects of partial information are not conclusive evidence of retrieval deficits in

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1980.tb00344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY