摘要:

Problem solving tasks of different informational content were presented for free choice, and the attractiveness of the situation was measured by repeated ratings. The hypothesis of an inverted U‐shaped relationship between uncertainty and attractiveness of the situation was supported. The value of rating as a method for this purpose, and some results indicating the importance of stimulus patterning are discusse

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1963.tb01300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When a set of concentric circles is subjected to a rinsing motion, moving radii will be seen. The phenomenon is explained in terms of the dependency of the intensity of the receptor processes on the time of stimulation. It is suggested that the term effect be substituted for the term illusion in describing the phenomenon.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1963.tb01301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Analysis has shown that autokinesis constitutes a complex group of phenomena. Certain autokinetic movements (‘paradoxical’, i.e. experienced displacement without movement or vice versa) could not be adequately recorded by the ‘tracing method’, very often employed, or by other forms of purely physical registration. Autokinesis ought to be divided into a ‘free’ type (which may be ‘paradoxical’) and a ‘restricted’ type (always ‘non‐paradoxical’). ‘Free’ movements were experienced either in a plane perpendicular to the line of vision or as ‘ad‐ab’ movements. ‘Restricted’ movements were describ

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1963.tb01302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper presents psychophysical scales of amyl acetate in benzyl benzoate sniffed from cotton. Four scales obtained by direct scaling procedures, ratio estimation and magnitude estimation, yield functions of the formR=kSn, withnranging from 0.39 to 0.57. These data support earlier findings that the intensity of smell is a negatively accelerated function of stimulus intensity. In addition, comparison of magnitude and category scales indicate that the subjective intensity of smell is a prothetic continuum. Finally, further analysis of subjective ratios as a function of stimulus ratios again shows that (a) the magnitude scale is a ratio scale and (b) the function obtained conforms to the power law.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1963.tb01303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationK=αlog(ψ+q/k) +β between category scaleKand magnitude scale ψ found in previous experiments on loudness and softness of white noise was confirmed for smell data, too. The small increase in variability (SDs) of judgments with magnitude for smell as compared with loudness and softness suggests the substitution of the prothetic‐metathetic dichotomy with a quantifiable feature, protheticness, with metathetic continua as the limiting

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1963.tb01304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Successive development of disinhibitory action over long monotonous training periods was studied with choice RT stimuli possessing discordant properties related to their relative frequency and the direction of movement. The results indicate that stimuli with strong initial proactive interference on ensuing reaction to the critical probe‐stimulus become, with prolonged training, the least interferin

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1963.tb01305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Effects of nitrous oxide in different subanaesthetic concentrations were studied in twelve subjects. Subjective scales of intoxication and of eight other mood variables were obtained by the method of magnitude estimation. Objective performance was examined by tests on memory and arithmetic. For most variables the dose‐response curves obtained showed progressively larger effects with increasing dose‐levels. At concentrations below 20 per cent the changes were, on the whole, very slight. The results are compared with similar data from an alcohol experim

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1963.tb01306.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study of behavior events as processes allows psychology to become part of the family of biological sciences. According to this view no act of behaving can be considered instantaneous but must be regarded as part of a process over time. Thus perception does not have a separate origin from functions generally referred to personality but generates in the individual as defined by his adaptive experience and ideally becomes more and more isolated and independent (stimulus‐proximal). The concepts of structure and stimulus are discussed together with the problem of determination. The adaptation of experimental strategy to this process model is illustrated by results from the field of psychopatholog

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1963.tb01307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A story completion test was constructed and administered to 99 ten‐year‐old boys. The main results were: (1) The average number of aggressive responses tends to be lower when the aggression items are presented in a ‘spaced’ manner than when they are ‘massed’. (2) There is a spread effect from aggression items to neutral items. Aggression and neutral items presented in mixed order give a stronger effect. (3) A relatively consistent factor structure of aggression responses was shown in the test. Aggression towards peers and authority were independent of each other, and seem to be influenced differently by the manner of presentation

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1963.tb01308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Observers seated in a car were required to predict where they would meet an oncoming car (Exp. I). Meeting point predictions were found to be systematically biased in the direction of the midpoint between cars. The error was proportional to the distance between midpoint and meeting point. A reduction in the errors occurred when the observers were allowed to check their predictions (Exp. II). Perfect agreement was found to hold between subjective midpoint judgments (Exp. III) and meeting point predictions, the former showing a small but obvious regression toward the meeting point.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1963.tb01309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY