摘要:

Subjective time as affected by positive radial acceleration in a human centrifuge was studied by a modification of the method of ratio production. Auditory signals (1–20 sec.) were used as stimuli. The results showed a marked change in subjective time during gravitational stress. Subjective time, as measured by the methods employed, was a positively accelerated function of objective time and the positive acceleration was enhanced during centrifugation. The demonstrated change in time experience was caused by a difference in retention of preceding time intervals, retention being impaired during centrifugatio

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

(1) A method to obtain a scale of subjective time unbiased by the time‐order error is suggested. (2) The method gives as by‐product some preliminary results on the memory process which gives rise to the time‐order error. (3) The method is applied in an experimental study. Two methods, the adjustment method and the reproduction method were used to construct a subjective time scale within the range 1–7 seconds. The former method gave an almost linear R‐S curve while the latter resulted in a positively accelerated curve. (4) The time‐order error seems to be a very rapid process. The memory curve reaches very near its asymptotic value within a few tenths

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Problem situations of the practical construction type may be regarded as situations characterized by a ‘missing part’. The solution of a problem depends on the subject's awareness of what is missing, along with his ability to find a replacement for it. Scores on a test measuring this ability are compared with performance on two practical construction problems. Subjects who are successful on the problems have a higher mean score on the ‘replacement test’. Scores on a ‘function‐naming’ test are not found to correlate with performance o

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author stresses the importance of studying the role of expectation in perception, especially with regard to individual differences and their determinants. A specific framework is outlined as a heuristic tool in such studies. Subjects' perception reports were studied in situations with a discrepancy between ‘focal stimulus’ and built‐in expectation. ‘Summary distortion scores’ were derived, expressing the individual's tendency to choose a pro‐expectational report rather than a pro‐stimulus report. Individual differences in this respect were then compared with data on more general cognitive characteristics and other tendencies of

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A discussion of problems and methods in modern psychophysics is presented. A distinction is made between prothetic and metathetic continua, and between ratio scales, category scales and what are called confusion scales. The paper includes a survey of some scaling experiments and reports the exponents of a number of power functions describing the relation between stimulus magnitude and subjective magnitude.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For comparative evaluation of the subjective effects of 50 mg chlorpromazine, 0.10 g amobarbital and 10 mg amphetamine (phenopromine. sulf.) two types of formalized rating procedures—a verbal check list and graphic rating scales—were administered to 187 university students. Repeated self‐ratings were performed 45, 90 and 180 minutes after oral intake. By the check‐list method the expected difference between amphetamine and chlorpromazine was significantly established in all the three ratings. Only in the 45‐minute rating was a significant difference obtained between amobarbital and amphetamine. The graphic rating scales were clearly less efficient as judged from the greater proportion reporting

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01279.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

By means of amethod of ratio estimation, scale values were obtained for the subjective brightness of various physical intensities of monochromatic light of various wave lengths. In a second experiment the scale was constructed by a method of magnitude estimation. The brightness functions were studied by plotting the scale values against stimulus intensity for each wave length. The two experiments gave essentially the same results. It was shown: (1) Brightness of monochromatic light is a power function of stimulus intensity. The exponent of the function is approximately one‐third for all wave lengths. (2) Properties of the brightness functions can explain certain empirical relations between brightness, hue and saturatio

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Forty 5–7‐year‐old children were asked to predict the choice of a boy or girl between objects A and C, after they had been shown that the boy (girl) preferred A to B and B to C. The results show an almost complete absence of ability to perform the required transitive inference. The children's predictions were heavily influenced by their own preferences (‘egocentrism’) and by all kinds of irrelevant perceptual features of the situation. Furthermore, the children's own preferences were frequently nontransitive, i.e. of the type A>B, B>C, C>A (>= preferred to). The findings are interpreted within the theoretical framework

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

(1) The study concerns Rorschach, Children Apperception Test, Bender Gestalt Test and Draw‐a‐Man. Data have been obtained on a number of personality variables from 12 pairs of identical twins at the ages of 9;6–10;6. (2) For the Ro 17 out of 21 and for the CAT 15 out of 23 intraclass coefficients are positive. The coefficients for the Gestalt test and Draw‐a‐Man are high and positive. It is argued that intraclass coefficients must be considered as underestimating both the true reliability of the ratings and the correlation between true scores for identical twins. (3) The intertest correlations give support to the construct validity of the ratings on the variables studied. Especially favourable are the intercorrelations for ‘General

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01282.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Examples are given of hypnotically induced dreams, which support the notion that series of experiences corresponding to long spans of objective time may be represented in dreams of very short duration. Both stimulus and organismic factors determine the contents of such dreams.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY