摘要:

The experiment reported was conducted with the purpose of studying whether the phenomenon of recognition failure of recallable words would hold for a paradigm which involves a free recall test rather than a cued recall test used in previous research. The 3×2 design used comprised two between‐subjects factors: the subjects were instructed that a recognition test, a cued recall test, or a free recall test would follow the study trial, but the actual test sequence given was recognition followed by cued recall, or recognition followed by free recall. The results demonstrate that cases of recognition failure of recallable words do occur in all six conditions, but the amount of recognition failure for the recognition‐free recall test sequence was less than that predicted from the Tulving&Wiseman (1975) function. In line with previous research the data for the recognition‐cued recall test sequence showed the amount of recognition failure that was predicted by this fu

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1988.tb00782.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty‐six disabled people with severely impaired mobility and 36 non‐handicapped matched control subjects were studied with respect to their self‐reported quality of life (OOL) and the ranking of 30 functions. No difference concerning QOL was found between the two groups. Correlations between QOL and six different groups of functions were very low in both groups, indicating a mechanism of adapting to a loss of functions. Comparison between the evaluations of the different functions in two groups showed that social abilities were more important to the group with severely impaired mobility, while “motor functions” were more important to the non‐handicapped contr

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1988.tb00783.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Smedslund has rediscovered the fact that the items of many scales are to various degrees semantically related. He is critical of this. It is pointed out that there is already an ongoing debate about how much semantic overlap there should be between items and it is claimed that such overlap is important in maximizing reliability. Too much overlap does however limit validity so proposals for formalizing the degree of overlap are briefly explored.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1988.tb00784.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the case of every psychological measure one may ask the following three questions: (1) To what extent is it stable over repetitions? (2) To what extent does it measure what it purports to measure? (3)Whatis measured by the measure? The first two questions are concerned with reliability and validity and avoid the topic of content. The answer to the third question can only be given in terms of the shared conceptual system embedded in a natural language. The answer is identical to a description in such terms of how the person understands the item involved.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1988.tb00785.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Five hundred and thirty‐one Swedish boys and 559 Swedish girls completed the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (J.EPQ) translated into Swedish by the authors (A.‐L.v.K. and L.v.K.). Factor comparisons indicated virtually identical factors of Psychoticism (P) Extraversion (E), Neuroticism (N) and social desirability—Lie (L)—in Sweden as in England. Slight item additions produced scales with adequate reliabilities. Sex differences were in line with most studies, i.e. boys scoring higher than girlson Psychoticism (P) but lower on Neuroticism (N) and Lie (L). Finally, the only significant cross‐cultural difference between Swedish and Engish children proved to be on Neuroticism (N) where the Swedish children had much lower scores than the English

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1988.tb00786.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Perception of spatial order in central and extrafoveal vision was investigated by means of a task in which observers judged the relative position of a target line segment in a briefly flashed array of six line segments. The line arrays were size‐scaled in extrafoveal vision according to the cortical magnification factor derived from the cone and ganglion cell distributions across the human retina, i.e. the stimulus representations in the striate cortex were of equal size in central and eccentric vision. In central vision, observers could judge the relative position of the target with high accuracy but in extrafoveal vision the task was more difficult, especially with short interline distances. However, performance was well above chance level also in extrafoveal visio

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1988.tb00787.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A review of the literature on sex differences in aphasia reveals contradictory findings with limited clinical relevance. To some degree, sex is reported to interact with age, localization of lesion and recovery rate. Women more often than men have fluent speech and suffer from posterior lesions. They are reported to be older and they seem to improve more on expressive tasks. In the present study a sample of left hemisphere injured aphasic stroke patients, 124 male and 80 female, was analysed for sex differences in degree and type of aphasia. A significant sex difference was found with a higher incidence of female than male patients among severely impaired fluent aphasics (Wernicke's aphasia). It is suggested that sociobiological models of differential development and the influence of sex‐role behaviour and cognitive strategies, should be given more attention in further research if explanatory models of observed sex differences in cognitive functioning and aphasia are to be develope

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1988.tb00788.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study investigated the importance of task parameters in determining the effects of noise on performance, with interest focusing on variables which influence response selection and execution. The results of the first experiment showed that noise had an effect on response selection, slowing reaction times when an incompatible response had to be made. In contrast to this, the second experiment showed that noise had no effect on the speed of controlled movements and did not change the difference between movements made with the preferred and non‐preferred hand

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1988.tb00789.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A group of 43 adult psychiatric in‐patients with a preliminary diagnosis of depression were tested with the Meta‐Contrast Technique to determine degree of depressive retardation. They were also given an Identification Test where subliminal tagging was used to direct identification with an aggressor or a victim depicted on a tachistoscopically exposed stimulus. The higher the degree of depressive retardation the more reluctant the subjects were to get involved in the aggressor‐victim theme. A Creative Functioning Test also attested to the empty, dehumanized experiential world of the most retarded sub

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1988.tb00790.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous studies in the English language have demonstrated the relevance of context and redundancy in assessing the impairment of information processing functions in psychopathology. In the present investigation, Danish language texts, varying in their degree of contextual constraint, were presented orally to 32 normal subjects, following the procedure of Miller&Selfridge (1950). Zero‐order texts were created with and without matching for word frequencies, a control that was not employed by Miller&Selfridge. Immediate recall was measured and analysed as a function of degree of contextual constraint. Context effects upon accuracy of recall were obtained. The results essentially replicated the findings of Miller&Selfridge, and those of similar studies in other languages. Word frequency affected accuracy of recall at the zero‐order point. The potential value of these texts as research tools in psychopathology is discus

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1988.tb00791.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY