ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA number of social skill training approaches have been devised for remediating peer relationship difficulties in children and adolescents. One recently developed approach, focusing on interpersonal cognitive problem solving (IPCS) skills, is described. ICPS training studies are also reviewed. Despite the pervasive methodological problems that characterize this literature, ICPS training appears to be effective as a remediation strategy with maladjusted youngsters, and as a secondary prevention strategy with children ‘at risk’. While initial findings with nonclinical groups have been less encouraging, available follow‐up data suggest that ICPS training may be efficacious as a primary prevention strategy, as well. Several suggestions are offered for improving the methodology of future training studies, while important issues and problems are highlighted for future investig

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYMothers interviewed in their homes provided information concerning their child's temperamental characteristics, mild behaviour problems and family interactions. The characteristics active, shy (approach/withdrawal; not settling in) and moody/ intense were consistent from 42 to 50 months of age for both sexes. No simple sex differences appeared in these three characteristics. There was little evidence for an association between active and either mild behaviour problems or family interactions. For both girls and boys, moody/intense scores were associated with mild behaviour problems and ‘negative’ family interactions. However, while shy scores of boys were associated with negative family interactions, shy scores of girls were associated with positive interactions, especially at the later age of 50 mon

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYPrevalence estimates of psychiatric disorder in 10‐yr‐old rural Norwegian children were based on responses to symptom checklists for parents and teachers. The parents' index showed highest validity, and was used as a basis for prevalence estimates. Properties of the index were shown to be sample specific, and a validity test should consequently always be administered to representative subsamples in psychiatric epidemiological studies based on symptom checklists. Prevalence of functional problems of a primarily psychological nature was calculated by proportional extrapolations from the validity test results. The prevalence rate for the total sample was 5%, and corrected prevalence when emigrants were excluded was 4

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThis study examined the impact of specific language delay (LD) on peer interactions in preschool children. Three groups of dyads were studied: normal children interacting with normal children, normals interacting with LD children and LD children with each other. The normal children were more likely to initiate interaction when the partner was non‐responsive and to attempt to dominate the interaction. The results of this study illustrate reciprocity in the social interactions of young children, the significant role of dominance and control in interaction and the sensitivity of preschool children to the characteristics of their peer

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study of maltreated infants offers evidence supporting a model of bidirectional effects in which the mother initiates the maltreatment but both mother and infant behave so as to maintain the situation. Maltreated infants were found not to differ from control infants in congenital characteristics. They did, however, display deviance in learned behavior patterns. After intervention with the mother the infants showed behavioral improvement. These results suggested that maltreated infants were not inherently different from other children and that they were resilient in response to environmental improvement. Their earlier behavior may, however, have functioned to maintain their mothers' maltreating responses.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01630.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYOveractive and distractible (hyperactives), normoactive and distractible, and normoactive and attentive (controls) children were administered a high‐speed visual search task. The display load was manipulated and all subjects were administered the task in three instruction conditions: speed, ‘normal’ and accuracy. Speed‐accuracy trade‐off curves indicated that the controls and distractibles conformed to the fast guess model, which relates speed and accuracy. Hyperactives partially conformed to this model. It is concluded that a structuralprocessdeficit is not indicated by these data in hyperactivity. Rather, the evidence suggests that a resourcestrategydefect may be characteristic of hype

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThree groups of children rated firstly as overactive and distractible, secondly as distractible and thirdly as low on both activity and distractibility were examined in a visual search task with three levels of display load: two, three and four items. The children were tested twice in two conditions of stimulus visibility to examine the encoding stage of the model used here.The experimental results reject the hypothesis that an encoding deficit or data limitation may explain the attentional performance of either hyperactive or somewhat hyperactive subjects. They suggest, rather, that a trade‐off in speed and accuracy may be evident in (the) hyperactive

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01632.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTo test a goodness‐of‐fit model of temperament, 194 Pennsylvania fourth‐grade students were studied. It was predicted that children whose temperament fitted or exceeded demands or expectations of their teachers would show more positive functioning than children whose temperament fell below expectations. Children responded to the Dimensions of Temperament Survey (DOTS), which assesses 5 temperamental attributes. Teachers specified demands/expectations for their students for each of the DOTS attributes and rated students' academic ability and adjustment. Objective measures of academic achievement were also obtained. Results indicated that for 2 of the 3 temperament attributes for which directional predictions were made some support was obtained for the

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01633.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY