摘要:

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to investigate the linguistic environment of children with severe learning difficulties attending nursery school. Teacher‐pupil talk with three normal language learners and five children‐with severe learning difficulties was examined in segregated and integrated settings. A cognitively based dialogue system analysis was used to ascertain the style and level of teacher and pupil interactions. Results revealed that teachers are able to adjust their speech when interacting with children of differing abilities but they do so by assuming a dominating role in dialogue through initiation and the use of obli

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682829009011959

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe current study was designed to determine whether efficient question‐asking strategies can be taught to children who do not display them spontaneously. The relative efficacy of two different teaching techniques was compared to determine which would increase the quality of question asking. This study is descriptive in nature. Twenty‐eight students served as subjects. The treatment took place during a 28‐day time period and consisted of a pre‐test, two teaching sessions and a post‐test session, each 14 days apart. An array of 25 pictorial objects and animals was used to stimulate constraint questions, which are more efficient than hypothesis questions for information seeking. A major finding in this investigation was that 6‐year‐old children with special needs could be taught to ask constraint questions and generalise this strategy using a self‐evaluative teaching method. The number of constraint questions asked increased significantly using this method in comparison to the modelling teaching method. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between teaching methods and cognitive‐linguistic str

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682829009011960

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTForty speech‐language pathologists listened to randomised recorded samples of the ‘Grandfather Passage’ read aloud by 10 normal elderly male adults, 10 normal young male adults and 6 dysarthric subjects. The speech samples were rated according to the 38 dimensions devised by Darley and colleagues for the study of the dysarthrias. The ratings of the speech of the older adults fell significantly further from ‘normal’ on a seven‐point continuum than those given to the young adults on nine of the dimensions. The most apparent young/old differences involved laryngeal dimensions. Ratings for the normal geriatric subjects resembled those of the dysarthric groups in some respects. Several instances of misclassification of the normal elderly individuals as ‘dysarthric’ wer

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682829009011961

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRepetition is viewed typically as a primary deficit in conduction aphasia. Consequently, repetition is considered to be a target of treatment, as opposed to an approach to treatment for this syndrome. However, our experience with a conduction aphasic who had greater speech fluency in repetition than in conversation encouraged us to develop a treatment programme based on sentence repetition. The treatment programme has three components: (1) a pre‐/post‐test of sentence repetition; (2) the treatment component, in which a new set of sentences is introduced each week in outpatient therapy for daily repetition; (3) analysis of verbal picture description prior to and following treatment as an independent language measure. The patient CM participated in 2 months of sentence repetition treatment, after which he displayed improvement in both sentence repetition and picture description. The reasons for such improvement and the general utility of the treatment programme are discus

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682829009011962

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe task of assessing a child's language for the purpose of intervention requires the ability to interpret information from a variety of sources. Knowing how that information is to be used during therapy plays an important part in deciding what type of information needs to be collected and how it will be interpreted. There needs to be a plan that will assist the speech therapist in analysing and interpreting most of the data that would be needed when making therapy‐related diagnostic statements. A systems approach offers concepts and methods for devising a plan which will outline the necessary decisions. The purpose of this paper is to present, in a flow chart, the questions that need to be asked in the process of assessing a child's language development for the purpose of intervention; to indicate the type of information that would be needed to answer the questions; to state how the information would be interpreted; to suggest the type of tools that would be needed to collect this information; and to outline how the information can be presented so that a greater quantity of data can be summarised and interpreted in a systematic manne

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682829009011963

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe birth order of second‐grade children with and without developmental language impairment was obtained to determine if language‐impaired children were more likely to be later born than earlier born. In this study the family size and socioeconomic status of the families for the language‐impaired and normal groups were very similar. Comparison of the distribution of birth ranks between second‐grade language‐impaired and normal second‐grade children failed to show a difference in birth ranks. Further, the distribution of birth ranks of all language‐impaired children within the sibships was not found to show evidence favouring either early or later born birth ranks. Thus, contrary to previous research in which family size and socioeconomic status were not controlled, this study did not provide evidence in support of a birth order effect in developmental langua

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682829009011964

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe voices of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease change in various ways. This paper sets out to examine the effect of these changes on the impressions made on listeners, and to try to see what vocalic and prosodic features account for these impressions. Tape recordings from segments of interviews with 4 patients, and 4 control subjects with ischaemic heart disease, were played to 16 naive listeners. These listeners were asked to rate their impressions of these voices on 15 dimensions of personality. There were significant differences on most of the dimensions, despite the fact that there were no differences between the two groups on such scales as Beck's depression inventory and the mood adjective check list. The parkinsonian patients were seen to be cold, withdrawn and anxious, not to relate well to the interviewer and to be enjoying the interview less than the controls. These ratings are very similar to those previously reported for the same patients, using silent video recordings only. The voice recordings were analysed along various dimensions of prosody. The factors which were different between the groups included the frequency and type of pauses in speech and the range or variability of the fundamental frequency. The implications of this exploratory study for intervention are discussed.

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682829009011965

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThree stuttering subjects were used to test findings that voice‐onset time (VOT) in the fluent utterances of stuttered speech are slower than those of their normal‐speaking peers. Acoustic analysis revealed the stutterers' VOTs to be slower, but when analysed by a t test the difference was found not to be significant at the P = 0.05 level. Electroglottographic (EGG) dynamics were also studied to provide comparative data for recent research which notes specific EGG activity amongst stutterers following severe blocks. Analysis revealed that both experimental and control subjects exhibited this pattern randomly. It is concluded that, at present, EGG methodology is not sufficiently advanced to be able to characterise reliably the range of laryngeal behaviours that are associated with stuttering. The technique therefore is not presently viable as a diagnostic t

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682829009011966

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Functional Evaluation of Language DisordersEdited by P. Grunwell, A. JamesTheoretical Linguistics and Disordered LanguageEdited by M. Ball

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682829009011967

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682829009011968

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY