摘要:

SummaryThe present paper reviews and integrates the results of investigations of the language abilities of learning‐disabled adolescents by the author and her associates. The findings indicate that adolescents with specific learning disorders may demonstrate (1) cognitive‐semantic and linguistic processing deficits characterized by delays in the acquisition of linguistic rules and syntactic maturity and in cognitive and logical growth or (2) dysnomia characterized by verbal paraphasias and reduced speed and accuracy of retrieval of verbal labels, verbal associations and syntactic structures. Tests are discussed which may be used to assess the language processing and production abilities of adolescents. The tests focus on the evaluation of (a) cognitive‐semantic processing, (b) linguistic processing, (c) productive control of linguistic structures, and (d) convergent and divergent semantic production. The implications of the findings for remedial intervention are discussed. The current data suggest that intervention may be required to (a) increase the efficiency of short‐term memory, (b) facilitate the acquisition and productive control of syntactic structures and complex sentence transformations, and (c) facilitate the retrieval of verbal labels and associations and syntactic structures from long‐term memory. Remedial objectives and strategies are discussed against a background of relevant theoret

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827609011287

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn apparatus is described providing an auditory feedback masking noise of variable amplitude and mean frequency, triggered by means of a throat microphone switch and therefore independent of subject control. Evaluation tests of this device made on 53 stammerers demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing stammering and in abolishing gross concomitant movements. Repeated tests on one subject over a period of 22 weeks produced no discernable improvement of his general speech although, when in use, the apparatus maintained its effectiveness throughout this period. Tests on five independently diagnosed clutterers demonstrated a significantly reduced response to auditory feedback masking as compared with stammerers.

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827609011288

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA comparative study of the number and type of phonological errors made spontaneously and in imitation by mental age matched normal, severely subnormal and Down's Syndrome children was carried out. The results indicated that the normal and severely subnormal non Down's Syndrome children performed equally, while the Down's Syndrome children made more errors, and those errors were more inconsistent as compared to the other two groups. The Down's Syndrome children made fewer errors in imitation than they did in spontaneous production.These findings were interpreted as an indication that phonological development is linked to general mental development in severely subnormal non Down's Syndrome children. The exceptional performance of the Down's Syndrome group was hypothesized to be partly due to a general difficulty in generating predetermined sequences of movements.

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827609011289

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDuring the process of speech acquisition all children must be vulnerable to linguistic mishap. While most children transcend the vulnerable periods without breakdown others may be unable to do so because of the coincidence of events or the particular inter‐action between circumstances and disposition. In these cases there may be ensuing speech delay or deviation. It is believed that the clues for remedy lie in the language behaviour of the child.Reference is made to a small study undertaken with a view to distinguishing at an early age between delay and deviation in emerging phonology and syntax. Implications for therapy are discusse

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827609011290

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe aim of the present research consisted in studying if in aphasia the signs of semantic impairment that can be observed at the levels of language production and of auditory comprehension are independent, or if they are reciprocally related. The emission of one or more semantic paraphasias at a test of naming pictures was considered as indicative of a semantic disorder at the expressive level, while the number of semantic errors obtained at the “verbal sound and meaning discrimination test” was retained as an index of the defect of semantic discrimination at the receptive level. One hundred and thirteen unselected aphasic patients were taken into account in our research: 77 of them (68%) showed at least one semantic paraphasia at the test of naming pictures, whereas 60 (53%) obtained a pathological number of semantic errors at the test of verbal auditory comprehension. The emission of semantic paraphasias and the impairment of the semantic system at the receptive level were strongly reciprocally related. This finding seems to show that in aphasia the semantic level of integration of language is more or less severely impai

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827609011291

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe Comprehension of specific linguistic structures and contexts are of extreme importance, particularly in the language‐delayed child, and often overlooked in assessing Comprehension of total utterances. In this study a group of language‐delayed preschool children were assessed in comparison with a normal group, on various measures of linguistic structure both in Comprehension and Imitation tasks. A qualitative analysis of the resultant data was made, and an attempt to further analyse response patterns in terms of possible cognitive strategies being used. The hypothesis that the language‐delayed children might not have the same capacity for language comprehension as the normal child was not supported although differential effects of changes in linguistic structure and context were

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827609011292

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe auditory frequency and intensity discrimination ability of 26 cerebral palsied subjects, ages seven through eleven years, was evaluated and compared to the auditory frequency and intensity discrimination ability of 58 normal subjects.The auditory frequency discrimination ability of the cerebral palsied subjects was significantly inferior to the ability of the normal subjects when comparison was made using both chronological and mental ages. The auditory intensity discrimination ability of the cerebral palsied subjects was significantly inferior to the normal subjects only when the groups were compared by chronological age. Comparison by mental age showed a nonsignificant difference.The results suggest that additional investigation should pursue the influence of inferior auditory frequency and intensity discrimination on the ability to process sophisticated language information.

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827609011293

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-6984.1976.tb01489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY