摘要:

ABSTRACT‘Idiots‐savants' are people of low intelligence who have one or two outstanding talents such as calendrical calculation, drawing or musical performance. Such people are mostly male and occur with high frequency among the autistic population. Do they perform their amazing feats because of an outstanding memory or do they draw on some faculty of reasoning to help them? Although they cannot easily make clear how they carry out their tasks by using speech, experiments reveal that they follow simple rules which they use to aid them in recalling correct dates and sequences in classical music. It has been said that they cannot abstract but this turns out not to be true: all can abstract to some degree and some are more at home with abstract than with concrete material. Whatever else is true of these handicapped but gifted people their gift becomes apparent at an early age and is apparently not improved by practice. Perhaps the most important conclusion from work with these groups is that their gifts force us to think again about the concept of general intelligence. How far is it possible to have low intelligence and yet be an outstanding musician or artist? Speculation on this idea may force us to revise our concepts of intelligence, neuropsychology and handi

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828909011943

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThere has been a diagnostic gap in the assessment of word‐finding disorders in children. Although research in this area has continued to document strong correlations between word‐finding skills and low reading achievement, dyslexia, language disorders, learning disabilities, and stuttering there have been no formal standardised measures for the assessment of word‐finding skills in children. The purpose of this paper is to present: (1) a diagnostic model for the assessment of word finding; (2) a literature review that supports this model; (3) a formalised measure, the Test of Word Finding (TWF), which executes this diagnostic model for children. The assessment model includes variation in stimulus context (multiple naming sections); incorporates indices traditionally used to define word‐finding problems in adults and children (accuracy, response time, response analysis and secondary characteristics); and provides for a comprehension assessment of naming errors. Components of this model are discussed with respect to stimulus context, target word frequency, nature of the target word and facilitati

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828909011944

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study looked at the verbal interaction between mothers and their offspring with phonological disorders (age 3;6‐5;1 years) who otherwise had language development within normal limits. This interaction was compared to two groups of mothers with children who were developing all aspects of language normally. There were eight subjects in each of the three groups: the phonologically disordered children (PDC), a group matched for age and language ability (AMG) and a group of children under 3 years (YCG) with age appropriate phonological development. Audio tapes were transcribed and percentage frequencies of certain verbal behaviours in both adult and child were calculated. The mother‐child interaction of the phonologically disordered group was found to differ significantly from that of the peer group and more closely to resemble that of the younger normally developing children and their moth

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828909011945

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA survey of speech therapists in the United Kingdom showed that they usually undertook the treatment of psychogenic voice disorders. Their pre‐qualification education had provided advice that was usually reflected accurately in the experience they gained in practice, though during their education about a third had lacked any opportunity to treat or observe psychogenic voice disorders. The appropriate duration of treatment appears to be in doubt. At present, speech therapists acquire many of the psychological skills required for treatment after qualification. There is a substantial need for post‐qualification courses, although more practical instruction on psychological treatment might advantageously be incorporated in initial educat

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828909011946

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper reports the results of a study in which elderly dysphasic subjects, and elderly subjects with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) were asked to name two representations of familiar objects. These were presented as coloured photographs, and as black and white line drawings. The results show that, although patients with SDAT perform better overall, there is a significant difference in their ability to name drawings compared to photographs. Analysis of the errors made by both subject groups shows significant differences, especially with regard to errors of visual misperception. The implications of these differences are discussed.

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828909011947

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828909011948

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Introduction to Instrumentation in Speech and Hearing: By Edward CudahyHealthy Respect: Ethics in health care: By R. S. Downie and K. C. CaimanWorking with Dysphasics, 2nd edn: By M. Fawcus, M. Robinson, J. Williams and R. WilliamsDecision Making in Speech—Language Pathology: Edited by D. E. Yoder and D. KentA Dictionary of Speech Therapy: By David W. H. MorrisStammering in Young Children: A practical self‐help programme for parents: By Anne IrwinOtologic Medicine and Surgery: Edited by Peter W. Alberti and Robert J. RubenGranulomas and Neoplasm of the Larynx: By I. Friedman and A. FerlitoRecent Advances in Otolaryngology: By Roger F. Gray and John A. RutkaDilemmas in Otorhinolaryngology: Edited by D. F. N. HarrisonVocal Fold Physiology, Vol. 2: Edited by Osamu Fuji

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828909011949

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY