摘要:

ABSTRACTIn 1983, a study was undertaken to document aspects of communication aids provision. Two national surveys (one of manufacturers and the other of district speech therapists), were carried out (Phase I), and then a prospective year's study, based on Phase 1 data, set up in nine selected districts (Phase 2). Data on 32 new adult users of 39 communication aids were gathered and various findings summarised: (1) the need to ensure maximum compatibility between user and aid through thorough assessment, the involvement of both user and carer, training in aid usage and regular monitoring by the therapist; (2) the extent of use isnotimportant, rather the importance placed on the degree of use by the user; (3) the need to promote more extensive clinical trials of communication aids; (4) a wider training for speech therapy students in the new technology and then post‐college opportunities to keep abreast of current developments. Regarding policy, the usefulness of a loan bank is proven, together with the need for easier access to funding. Further, direct referral procedures help to ensure speedy, effective provisio

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828809019871

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe study examines the intelligibility, articulation and acoustic features of the vowels and plosives of a male subject (GS) who has undergone total glossectomy. Overall the subject was found to be between 58 per cent and 65 per cent comprehensible according to stringent auditory tests. Videotape analysis and EMG confirmed that GS makes all plosive consonants biblabially, although he introduces extra lip protrusion to distinguish ‘alveolar’ from ‘bilabial’ articulations. However, individual plosives were not well recognised. Vowel production was investigated using videofluoroscopy. GS was observed to be effectively constricting his vocal tract in the pharyngeal region by compensatory use of the epiglottis and the grafted flap which re‐lined the floor of the mouth. Acoustically GS displays a greatly reduced vowel space from normal. The study shows that compensatory articulatory strategies are available to the glossectomee and that perception of his speech is facilitated by the large amount of redundancy in normal speech. The conclusion is that glossectomy does not necessarily prevent the recovery of functional speech of sufficient intelligibility to allow social rehabilitation of the glossectom

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828809019872

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSurgical voice restoration, as described by Singer and Blom, provides a valid means of restoring speech after laryngectomy. It is an endoscopic technique to surgically create a tracheo‐oesophageal fistula or ‘puncture’ into which is later fitted a voice prosthesis. A controlled midline puncture is created endoscopically under general anaesthetic and stented with a 14 French gauge catheter that extends from the trachea into the oesophagus and stomach for at least 48 hours.Results in the primary series, i.e. those given voice restoration at the time of initial laryngectomy, have been exceptionally good (94 per cent successful at 3 months postsurgery). The success rates in the secondary series, i.e. those receiving a tracheo‐oesophageal ‘puncture’ months, or years, postlaryngectomy, have been less good (79 per cent at 3 months). This paper examines the reasons for those failures and indicates ways of improving the selection of patients for thi

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828809019873

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe first impressions formed by 19 senior speech therapy students shown silent video recordings of four patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and four with ischaemic heart disease were measured using visual analogue scales directed at aspects of mood, personality and intellect. Although both patient groups showed no abnormalities in terms of affect, personality and intelligence by standardised psychological tests, the PD patients appeared more anxious, hostile, suspicious, depressed, bored and tense than the controls; they seemd less intelligent, more introverted and passive and looked as if they enjoyed and maintained their part of the conversation less well. They appeared to relate less well to the interviewer although there was no apparent difference in the interviewer's behaviour to the two different disease groups. Overall they were rated as less likeable. The speech therapists' responses did not differ significantly from a previous study of other health professionals. The findings are related to the known effects of speech impairment on impression formation in Parkinson's disease and are discussed in relation to possible effects on therapeutic relationships and management of patients with impaired expressive behaviour.

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828809019874

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the statement by Zachariah(The Antiseptic,1980, Vol. 77, pp. 87–88) that low dose verapamil was effective in controlling stuttering in a majority of patients when compared to placebo. Fourteen subjects were studied over 6 weeks through a double‐blind trial which looked at the speech symptoms, physiological changes and individual subjective ratings of speech. No significant differences were found between the periods of verapamil treatment and plac

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828809019875

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPhonological analysis in speech therapy clinics has traditionally been carried out by examining consonants in three word positions: initial, medial and final. More recent techniques, however, suggest a two‐pronged approach in which the occurrence of consonants is studied with regard to their position both in whole words and in the syllables making up these words. This study looks at the approach taken by three current procedures for phonological analysis to the traditional ‘word‐medial’ consonant or consonant sequence. The theoretical basis of one of these approaches is then examined, and phonological data from a normally developing 3‐year‐old is used to assess its descriptive validity. It is concluded that, for the child described, a sequence of two or more consonants in word‐medial position can be divided into syllable‐final and syllable‐initial consonants in a principled manner. When only a single consonant occurs in this position, the decision is more difficult and these consonants are described simply as intervocalic. It is suggested, however, that the correct approach to medial consonants and consonant sequences may vary from child to child, and that this has implications for the management of phonologically di

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828809019876

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis report describes the verbal and non‐verbal clarification requests that normal and language‐impaired children emit when faced with sentences that are difficult to understand. The experiment involved 13 language‐impaired children and 13 children with normally developing language who were matched by their level of receptive vocabulary. The results indicated that children with normal language and children with impaired language have the capacity to provide feedback regarding their failure to understand verbal messages. Language‐impaired children generally are not as sophisticated as their normal peers and tend to emit non‐specific clarification

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828809019877

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Prosodic Phonology: The Theory and its Application to Language Acquisition and Speech ProcessingByNatalie Waterson.Phonetics: The Science of Speech ProductionBylan R. A. Mackay.Precursors of Early SpeechWenner‐Gren International Symposium Series, Volume 44Edited byB. Lindblom and R. Zetterstrom.Children's Written Language DifficultiesEdited byMargaret J. Snowling.Language Development in the School YearsEdited byKevin Durkin.Working with DyspraxicsBySusan Huskins.Voice and Voice Disorders: A handbook for cliniciansByLuther F. Sies.Voice Problems of Children, 3rd ednByD. K. Wilson.Microcomputer Applications in Rehabilitation of Communication DisordersEdited byM. L. Grossfeld and C. A. Grossfeld.Aphasia Treatment and MicrocomputersByR. C. Katz.Speech Disorders in Adults—Recent AdvancesEdited byJanis Costello.Listen to your Child: A parent's guide to children's languageByDavid Crystal.Speech, Language and HearingEdited byP. Skinner and R. Shelton.Children's Hearing Problems: their significance, detection and management.ByJoyce Tweedie.Learning to be DeafByA. Donald Evans and William W. Falk.Rehabilitation Education: A Series in Developmental Handicap, Volume 2, Management and Administration of Rehabilitation ProgrammesEdited byRoy I. Brown.Speech‐Language Pathology Issues and ManagementEdited byRobert M. McLaughlin.Successful Private Practice: a guide to effective medical practice managementByMaxine Buchele and Susan Wynn‐Williams.The Education of Children with Severe Learning Difficulties.Edited byJ. Coupe and J. Porter.Sensory Impairments in Mentally Handicapped PeopleByDavi

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828809019878

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY