ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.4.1197

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Studies that cross the boundaries between sociology and economics help to enhance our understanding of both economy and society. Economics has had a greater influence on sociology than vice versa: several core subfields of sociology — such as labor market sociology, stratification, and work and organizations — have been significantly influenced by economic theories; but sociology has had relatively little impact on economics. Communication between economics and sociology is hindered by intellectual barriers such as fundamentally different assumptions with regard to the roles of induction and deduction, as well as by institutional and professional obstacles. Opportunities are growing for integrating sociological and economic explanations, as the interests of sociologists and economists are converging and more work is now occurring on the border between the two disciplines.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.4.1207

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This article maps out some interdependencies between political science and political sociology. It then details some lessons that political sociologists might take from four contemporary literatures in political science: (1) rational choice work on rational individual action in institutional context; (2) the “nonlinear social systems” literature on the contextual determination of intensely embedded social actions; (3) the game-theoretic literature on strategic interactions among large emergent class and state actors; and (4) a more qualitative, inductive, and contextualized approach to the analysis of class and state action extending the tradition of Barrington Moore. The four literatures share a commitment to social action that is decreasingly common among sociologists. Yet they address questions of institutional constraint, contextual dynamics, and macrosocial history akin to those that are engaging their sociological contemporaries. This balance of attention between action and its constraints is the common element drawn from the several instructive political science literatures.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.4.1219

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In the area of social psychology, sociologists have drawn more frequently from psychologists than the reverse. This is in part because sociologists more often assess the degree to which status characteristics, social relationships, and structural contexts influence individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, while psychologists more often explicate the mechanisms through which such social factors affect individuals. I illustrate these differences by discussing points of parallel theoretical development between the two disciplines, substantive divisions of labor, and selected topics of mutual inquiry. Although sociologists benefit substantially from psychologists' work, sociologists could offer their counterparts more pointed demonstrations that sociological mechanisms are crucial for explaining key psychological phenomena and that structural contexts constrain individuals' behaviors in ways often overlooked by psychologists.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.4.1231

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Often mischaracterized as merely the application of social theory to past events and happenings, historical sociology is actually a distinct way of approaching, explaining, and interpreting general sociological problems. By situating social action and social structures in their historical contexts and by examining their historical unfoldings, historical sociologists exploit the temporality of social life to ask and answer questions of perennial importance to social theory. I draw on recent research and literature both in sociology and in history to argue that we should and can continue to deepen the discipline's “historical turn” by more thoroughly historicizing how we conduct research, understand and use basic analytic concepts, and develop and test general social theories.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.4.1245

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

We argue that sociology should be the integrative discipline for the scientific study of religion. Sociology has made considerable progress by incorporating specialized knowledge of religion from disciplines ranging from gerontology and community psychology to religious economics, church history, and even theology. Sociology has also generated insights in other disciplines concerned with the study of religion, at times shaping the types of questions asked, the concepts and research methods employed, and the conclusions reached in these fields. To elaborate our arguments, we focus on two important substantive areas: (1) research on the relationships between religion, meaning systems, and personal well-being; and (2) research on religious behavior and religious markets. We underscore the integrative role of sociology, and identify several neglected opportunities for synthesis. In addition, briefly assess the effect of sociology on work in other disciplines and on the functioning of religious organizations.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.4.1255

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Biological causes of human social behavior will be invisible to those who follow the Durkheimian injunction to seek the causes of social facts in preceding social facts. Sociologists ignore or deny these biological causes at peril of grievous error. Biological causes can be integrated with traditional sociological models, but this approach will require sociologists to incorporate into their thinking the knowledge of disciplines whose paradigms offer biological explanations of the behaviors important to sociologists. I take examples of such knowledge from evolutionary biology, behavior genetics, and behavioral endocrinology.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.4.1267

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A comparative analysis of 184 Canadian and American popular and high-culture newels suggests the inadequacy of the traditional understanding of national literary differences as reflecting unique national characters. I present an alternative understanding of national literatures that considers variation in production contexts and literary use across types of literature. In brief, I argue that popular-culture novels differ little between the Canada and the U.S. precisely because they are shaped by similar mass-market strategies and read by similar audiences. My data on the cross-national differences in the timing and content of canonical literatures, on the other hand, suggests that such novels have a highly symbolic value tied to the development of the nation-state and are shaped by elite interests in national identity construction.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.4.1279

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Most sociological analyses of historical commemoration focus on the techniques by which positive events are recalled; however, just as heroes receive credit in nation building, so do villains. To examine the process of negative commemoration, we describe how Benedict Arnold's “treason” has been commemorated, specifically focusing on two distinct but complementary modes of dealing with troubling historical figures: demonization and nonpersonhood. News of Arnold's attempted treason in 1780 triggered a wave of violent demonstrations in cities throughout the American colonies. Those demonstrations comprised a mass degradation ceremony that rekindled the spirits of war-tired Americans, and transformed the remembered character of the once heroic Arnold into that of a despised turncoat. His case demonstrates that, although there are parallels between positive and negative commemoration, the means for dealing with consensually defined villains differ from those for heroes. We conclude with a discussion of the broader social implications of “evil” reputations.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.4.1309

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This article attempts to understand the founding of ethnic newspapers, particularly the role played by nativist sentiment and attacks. The framework is the salience repression model (Olzak&West 1991), which specifies a nonlinear relationship between attacks and foundings. I test this model on Polish, Swedish, Italian, and aggregated white immigrant newspapers in the largest cities of the U.S. from 1877 to 1914. The theoretical predictions hold for two populations — Polish and Swedish — whereas Italian newspapers resemble African American publications (data on which were taken from earlier research). These findings are interpreted in light of the intensity of hostility directed toward Italian immigrants, and the depth of their poverty. Theoretically, the results suggest that the salience repression model should include indigenous resources, and that legitimacy and competition may operate at different levels.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.4.1333

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP