ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574939

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1963

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In an analysis of thirty organizations of various types, the authors examine the relation of varying size of the supportive component to other organizational characteristics such as total size, age, number of operating sites, diversification of activities performed, and type of organizational function. Total organizational size and number of locations appear to be related to size of supportive component but they vary inversely.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574940

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1963

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In spite of its wide use, the conceptattitudeis not defined is not defined uniformly by contemporary writers. While the great diversity of the past has diminished, there remain two distinct conceptions of the term.Probability conceptionsemphasize the consistency shown by subjects in responding in defined ways toward attitudinal stimuli.Latent process conceptionsassume that such response consistencies are manifestations of “underlying” variables, which also mediate or define the form of attitudinal behavior. A series of logical implications is associated with each of these views. The latent process conception appears inconsistent with the findings of recent attitude research.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574941

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1963

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Samples of future autobiographies collected from African high school students in South Africa in 1950, 1956, and 1962 suggest that the tightening of social and political restrictions has produced a relative dedifferentiation of the psychological future and a decline of interest in both community service and individual economic success. Instead, future aspirations take on an increasingly political value oriented tone.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574942

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1963

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Occupational and educational aspirations of 873 Negro and white urban high school students were studied and compared. The plans (or “realistic” expectations) of the students were also investigated. No difference was found between Negro and white aspirations or plans for occupation or education, per se. But, Negroes did reveal higher mobility aspirations than whites, as measured over a revised North-Hatt scale. Negro girls showed particularly high mobility aspirations. An extension of the study examined social influences on educational and occupational aspirations and found evidence of strong maternal influence among Negroes. Actual maternal influence was not as strong among whites, but both white and Negro groups reported high attempted maternal influence. The Negroes reported females, in general, as more influential than males.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574943

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1963

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This study of goal orientations among juveniles in four types of communities—rural farm, upper urban, lower urban, industrial city—examines two conflicting theories about illegal behavior: (1) that it is due largely to the pursuit of goals peculiar to the lower class and (2) that it is provoked by unequal chances of attaining goals which are essentially similar for all classes. The findings indicate, among other things, that both viewpoints have merit, i.e., major goal orientations are rather similar in nature throughout society, but significant differences in their distribution are found in various communities.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574944

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1963

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A positive monotonic relationship between urbanization and social isolation has been hypothesized and is generally assumed in many sociological descriptions and explanations. To test this hypothesis directly, individuals living in inner city, suburban, and rural areas (but otherwise similar in age, sex, education, religion, and occupation) were compared with respect to the incidence and degrees of intimacy of their friendships. It was found that overall there are no significant differences between areas in the incidence of friendly contacts. This does not support the hypothesis of the social isolation of individuals living in inner city areas. When degrees of friendship are distinguished, one finds differences in the incidence of “best friends,” but the latter is alternately low and high as one moves from area to area from the center of a city to its rural environs. These results show that social isolation is a relative term, and that contrary to common assumption it bears no simple relationship to degree of urbanization.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574945

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1963

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Differential association—the tendency to choose friends from within one's own occupational stratum—was found to be a social pattern more characteristic of some segments of the social structure of Detroit than of others. Within those segments, the extent of differential association appears to be reduced by social mobility, status inconsistency, and disparity between perceived and “objective” status. These relationships are suggested as partial explanations for the relative lack of social rigidity in urban stratification.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574946

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1963

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Important patterns in the changing population of the South in the last decade show a growing heterogeneity of the southern population. The southern population is increasing slower than the national population, but it is converging with the national patterns in many respects. Migration caused a redistribution of the South's population between states and between residence groups. General increases occurred in the urban and rural nonfarm populations in number of females working, in number of professional people, in urban fringe population, in school enrollment, and in educational levels achieved. Net out migration was the major factor in the decline in the South's total population. If the age-sex-color specific rates of migration and natural increase of the 1950's continue, the population of the South will increase 14.8 percent during the 1960's as compared with an expected national increase of 17.4 percent.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574947

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1963

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This study investigates the decline of fertility in the Southern Appalachian Mountain Region. Fertility rates of the white population were computed for each of the 190 counties included in the region for the years 1930, 1940, 1950, and 1960. Four measures of fertility were used: (1) the crude birth rate, (2) the child-woman ratio, (3) the general fertility rate, and (4) the general fertility rate indirectly standardized to the age distribution of U.S. white women 15 to 44 years of age in 1950. The hypothesis was supported that the recent decline in fertility was associated with net out-migration, which is highly selective of young adults. Net out-migration did not, however, account for the greater part of the decline. The ecological pattern of declining fertility showed the lowest rates to be in the metropolitan areas and in the more prosperous valley regions, while highest rates continued in the highland areas.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574948

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1963

数据来源: OUP