摘要:

AbstractA radioimmunoassay for human parvovirus B19 IgM was developed using virus antigen derived from infected fetal liver obtained post mortem. The specificity and sensitivity of this assay, compared with an established radioimmunoassay using serum antigen, was determined by testing 126 sera by both techniques. The results obtained demonstrated close concordance.False negative results were not obtained using fetal liver antigen in 58 tests on known B19 IgM negative sera. Sixty‐four IgM positive sera gave positive results using fetal liver derived antigen and the results obtained were quantitatively similar. Four sera gave false positive results using liver antigen but at a very low level. In view of these results we were able to establish a routine diagnostic service for B19 IgM using fetal liver derived antigen, and the results obtained on the first 459 clinical specimens are presente

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) is probably the most common agent of prenatal infection of the new‐born, and one of 20 congenitally infected newborns shows serious symptoms. It was therefore considered important to be able to differentiate primary CMV from reactivation in pregnant females. A urea denaturation test was used to distinguish primary from secondary rubella infection in which the urea is included in the wash step of the standard IgG ELISA. This resulted in the removal of low‐avidity antibodies, which are the antibodies produced early in infection. A group of CMV IgM‐negative and ‐positive sera were tested, and all but one showed moderate to high avidity, with an avidity index reading of more than 30%. Among a group of babies 3–12 months of age, who were CMV IgM positive, 55% (16 of 29) showed low‐avidity CMV antibodies. A small group of renal transplant patients and patients with clinically and laboratory‐confirmed CMV gave more or less predicted avidity index results. It appears that, with the method used at this laboratory, the urea denaturation test can be applied to CMV to determine primary infection or reactivation in the majo

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPunta Toro virus (PTV) infection of C57BL/6 mice results in fulminant hepatic necrosis and death in 3‐week‐old susceptible mice, but survival with minimal hepatocellular necrosis in 8‐week‐old resistant mice. Susceptibility in 3‐week‐old mice is associated with an earlier rise of viral titers in liver and serum than that occurring in 8‐week‐old resistant mice. There is also an earlier and more rapid accumulation of infectious progeny in serum vs. liver after PTV infection in both age groups, suggesting that the virus may replicate in extrahepatic sites as well as the liver. PTV infection of isolated hepatocytes and Kupffer cells from 3‐ and 8‐week‐old mice demonstrates a significant age‐related difference in the ability of these cells to support replication of PTV in vitro (P<0.05). The age‐related difference in liver cell‐PTV interaction appears to be an inherent difference in the liver cells themselves, since there are no age‐related differences in viral adsorption, morphogenesis, cytopathic effect, or interferon action within these cells. Thus, age‐related differences in PTV replication or dissemination at extrahepatic sites, and the ability of the virus to replicate in intrahepatic sites, may be additive factors in the expression of age‐related susc

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHaemophilic patients are at increased risk from hepatitis B virus infection because of their need for blood product therapy. They are potentially poor responders to hepatitis B vaccine due immunological abnormalities resulting from two causes: infection with the human immunodeficiency virus and treatment with clotting factor concentrates. The protective antibody response to hepatitis B virus in vaccinated haemophiliacs was investigated using a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay which employs monoclonal antibody, RF‐HBs‐1, that recognizes a virus‐neutralising epitope on HBsAg. Serum samples from 55 haemophilic patients were studied a t 7, 12, and 24 months after the first injection with HB vaccine. Twenty‐four vaccinated normal subjects were used as controls.The level of neutralising antibody was found to correlate with the polyclonal anti‐HBs response in the majority of subjects in both the control and patient groups. There was a small but statistically significant reduction in both antibody responses in the patients compared with the normal controls. Treatment with FVIII or FIX concentrate did not influence the antibody response in the patients. Eleven of the haemophilic patients were anti‐HIV seropositive. This group had a significantly lower antibody response than anti‐HIV negative patients, and this correlated with the duration of anti‐HIV seropositivity, rather than with their T4 counts.We conclude that, following vaccination, the majority of haemophiliacs are able to mount a protective antibody response to hepatitis B virus. HIV infection was found to be the sole cause of immunological suppression

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSerum samples were collected from 27 individuals who had been infected with a member of the genus Hantavirus in the Netherlands or Belgium during the last 15 years. These samples were tested in an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and two enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems, using different virus strains that represented each of the four recently proposed serotypes of this genus. The serum samples from 11 individuals who had been infected through contacts with laboratory rats showed the highest reactivities with Hantaan virus (serotype I) and SR‐11 (serotype 11) in the IFA and ELISA systems. The samples of 16 individuals who had probably been infected through contacts with wild rodents showed the highest reactivities with Hällnäs virus (serotype III) in the IFA. All except two of these also showed the highest reactivity with Hällnäs virus in the two different ELISA

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn efficient method for cloning subgenomic fragments of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) was developed, utilizing its abundant single‐stranded replicative intermediates. The total genomic DNA obtained from the liver tissue of patients with chronic HBV infection was treated by using the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I without adding any exogenous primers. Single‐stranded replicative intermediates were efficiently converted to double‐stranded linear DNA, one end of which terminated at (or near to) the direct repeat 1 (DR1) sequence of the HBV genome. By screening less than 1,000 recombinants from a DNA library after this treatment, we obtained a subgenomic HBV fragment of 2.0 kilobases. We then analysed HBV RNA in human liver tissue by S1 mapping. It was possible to map HBV RNA only when a DNA probe from the same tissue was

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCondyloma acuminata from 12 women were examined for the presence of human papilloma‐virus DNA. Six of the women had HPV 6a, two had HPV 11a, one had a new HPV 6 subtype, and one a new HPV 11 subtype. The new HPV 6 subtype could be distinguished from other HPV 6 subtypes on the basis of Pst 1 fragments as well as Hind II fragments. The new HPV 11 subtype had a different Hpa 11 restriction endonuclease pattern. Restriction maps of both new subtypes were constructed. Two of the biopsies did not contain detectable HPV DNA when probed with HPV 6, HPV 11, and HPV16. Biopsies were taken from normal tissue 1 cm away from the condyloma in 11 of the patients. Only one of these normal tissue biopsies was positive for HPV by Southern blot hybridizatio

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe overall prevalence of anti‐HCV antibody in a group of 125 haemophiliacs was 62%. Four patients who had never received replacement therapy were anti‐HCV negative. Of the 121 patients injected regularly with commercial concentrates, 76 were already anti‐HCV seropositive in 1985 and remained so throughout the follow‐up. Two patients seroconverted in 1987 without obvious signs or symptoms of hepatitis. Our patients were treated with dry heat‐treated concentrates since 1985 and with wet heat‐ or solvent/detergent‐treated concentrates since 1988. The absence of further seroconversions and of symptoms of acute post‐transfusion non‐A, non‐B hepatitis since 1988 suggest that present virucidal treatments of concentrates are effective in preventing HCV transmission. Anti‐HCV positivity appeared to be unrelated to the type and degree of haemophilia as well as to the presence of antibodies to hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and hum

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCool vapors and aerosols produced by several common surgical power instruments and hot smoke plumes generated with electrocautery on known HIV‐1 innoculated blood were gently bubbled through sterile viral culture media. Tissue culture cells were then added and cell infection was detected by the appearance of HIV‐1 P‐24 core antigen assayed by ELISA in the culture medium. HIV‐1 was cultured from cool aerosols and vapors generated by a 30,000 RPM spinning router tip, an instrument similar to the Midas Rex and the Stryker oscillating bone saw. No infectious HIV‐1 was detected in aerosols generated by a Valley Lab electrocautery or with a manual wound irrigation syringe known as a Travenol Uromatic irrigator. We have demonstrated that HIV‐1 can remain viable in cool aerosols generated by certain surgical power tools and this raises the possibility of HIV transmission to medical personnel exposed to aerosols similarly generated during the care of HIV infected patients. Further work is required to determine whether such a risk exists but caution should be exercised by those exposed to aerosols generated during procedures on HIV‐1 infe

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome in sera from 73 symptomatic and asymptomatic HBsAg carriers was studied by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific for the S and C regions. Pre‐S proteins of the HBV envelope were detected in serum by a specific monoclonal antibody in a double immunoradiometric assay.Out of twenty‐five symptomatic patients with chronic active hepatitis (14 with HBeAg and 11 with anti‐HBe), all were positive for HBV DNA by PCR, while 14/14 HBeAg and 2/11 (18%) of the anti‐HBe patients were positive by dot blot hybridization. All but one anti‐HBe patient (96%) carried Pre‐S1 proteins. Among the asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, HBV DNA was detected by PCR in 14/14 (100%) HBeAg positive patients and in 25/34 (73%) anti‐HBe positive patients. Pre‐S1 proteins were found, respectively, in 14/14 (100%) and 11/22 (50%) of the same cases tested in parallel. The 20 healthy blood donors devoid of HBV markers and with normal transaminases tested were found negative for HBV DNA using PCR.Out of 12 patients who recovered from acute hepatitis 6, all were found negative by PCR analysis after a mean follow up of 1 year after seroconversion to anti‐HBs. When serial samples from 2 patients (one with acute hepatitis 6, the other with chronic hepatitis 6) were tested for the presence of HBV DNA and of Pre‐S1 proteins, both markers showed parallel development.The results indicate that HBV DNA detected by PCR is associated significantly with the presence of Pre‐S1 proteins (P<0.0001) and does reflect the presence of complete virions in sera from patients negative for HBV DNA by the conventional hybridization technique. The results also suggest a slower clearance of infectious particles th

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY