摘要:

AbstractFive patients with chronic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis were entered into a pilot therapeutic study of the antiviral agent acyclovir [9‐(2‐hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine]. Each patient received acyclovir by slow intravenous infusion in a dosage of 5 mg/kg every 8 hr for 10 days. During therapy, serum aminotransferase levels decreased by more than 50% in two patients, remained unchanged in two patients, and rose (by 32%) in the final patient. The two patients whose serum aminotransferase levels decreased during acyclovir treatment subsequently received a second course of drug using a higher dose (10 mg/kg every 8 hr for 10 days). Serum aminotransferase levels rose in both patients (by 54% and 121%) during the second course of therapy. Acyclovir was well tolerated in these patients, and there were no symptoms or signs attributable to drug toxicity during or after treatment. During a subsequent 12‐month follow‐up period, none of the five patients has manifested either a clinical or serum biochemical improvement in their chronic liver disease. Spontaneous fluctuations in serum aminotransferase levels unrelated to acyclovir therapy were noted in three of the five patients. These findings suggest that a short course of acyclovir does not have any appreciable long‐term beneficial effect on the course of chronic non‐A,

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890150102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe investigated the seroepidemiology of infection due to Epstein Barr virus (EBV) in 181 south Indian subjects aged 0–25 years using the indirect immunofluorescence method to titrate antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA), nuclear antigen (EBNA), and early antigen (EA). The age‐specific prevalence of IgG antibodies to VCA rose rapidly to 90% by the age of 5 years. The prevalence of VCA‐specific IgM and the geometric mean titre of VCA‐specific IgG antibodies were highest between the ages of 6 months and 2 years, the median age of primary infection being 1.4 years. Thus primary EBV infection occurs early in life. EA antibody prevalence was highest (55%) in the third year of life and remained between 30% and 40% thereafter. This pattern of EA antibody prevalence suggests that the latent EBV infection that persists lifelong after primary infection may be reactivated in many individuals. EBNA antibody prevalence was low until the age of 2 years but rose to 80% in the fourth year. Geometric mean titres of antibodies to EA and EBNA were low and stable at all ages. These results are similar to data from areas where EBV‐associated Burkitt's lymphoma is endemic and indicate a high EBV infection load earl

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890150103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe analysis of 23 clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐I) showed that 15 of 15 isolates that had undergone a few passages in tissue culture (fresh isolates) and two of eight isolates that had never been passaged (new isolates) were composed of a mixed population with respect to plaque morphology in Vero cells. Cloning and characterization of 10 large plaque viruses (L variants) and nine small plaque viruses (S variants), obtained from seven different isolates, showed the following. BamHI DNA restriction patterns of the L and the S variants from a single isolate differed only with respect to the electrophoretic mobility of the fragments that contain reiteration of specific sequences; they did not differ regarding the presence or the absence of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites. The L and the S variants differed with respect to the electrophoretic profiles of infected cell glycoproteins, thermosensitivity of growth and plaquing efficiency at 39°C, and, at least in the case of the two couples of variants that we tested, pathogenicity for the mouse. The hypothesis that the L variants might arise from the S variants during in vitro replication is discuss

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890150104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatitis B virus markers were tested in the serum of 49 children with acute leukemia on clinical presentation and during subsequent chemotherapy. Hepatitis B surface antigenemia was observed in only six patients (12%), none of whom progressed to chronic infection. Chemotherapy had a marked suppressive effect on the production of antibodies to hepatitis B virus antigens and overt infection occurred in two children after suppression of protective immunity. Evidence of liver damage was frequently observed and was largely independent of serologic data. These results indicate that active immunization with hepatitis B vaccine may not find a clear place in this clinical setting.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890150105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpecimens from a total of 162 patients were studied prospectively using a rapid nucleic acid synthesis inhibition assay and a plaque‐reduction assay to detect interferon levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The specificity, consistency, and diagnostic applications of the rapid assay were evaluated by intensively investigating each patient for possible viral illness. Forty‐one percent of patients with proven acute virus infections (excluding those with acute hepatitis and infectious mononucleosis) had unequivocal detectable interferon in serum or cerebrospinal fluid, compared with only two patients with bacterial infections (7%) who had equivocal interferon in the serum. Retrospective analysis showed the test to have high specificity for virus infections, but in patients with clinical syndromes of uncertain aetiology the test was not a particularly sensitive indicator of the presence of subsequently detected virus. The presence of interferon was not related to the time during the illness at which the sample was taken, nor to the numbers of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid, nor to the patients' general sympt

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890150106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSera from four groups of patients with different serologic markers of HBV infection were examined for HBV DNA using molecular hybridization technique and for IgM class anti‐HBc using an ELISA based on the antibody capture principle. Results of HBV DNA assay were generally in good agreement with the presence of HBeAg. However, HBV DNA was found in 13% of anti‐HBe+sera and in one patient with anti‐HBc as a sole marker.IgM anti‐HBc was detected at high titers in acute hepatitis B patients and was also present during the “window‐period.” This marker was also found, though less frequently when other markers for HBV infectivity were absent, in chronic hepatitis B patients and healthy carriers. From these findings we conclude that the HBV DNA assay provides a reliable method of detecting the infectious agent, particularly in anti‐HBe+sera and sera with anti‐HBc as a sole marker.The assay for IgM anti‐HBc is useful for establishing the diagnosis of recent infection in patients with anti‐HBc as a sole marker, and during acute hepatitis with very high aminotransferase values, a condition in which HBV DN

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890150107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSera from German patients exhibiting symptoms compatible with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or the lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) were assayed for antibodies against human T‐cell lymphoma/leukemia virus (HTLV‐I)‐related antigens by enzyme imniunoassay, indirect immunofluorescence, and radioimmunoprecipitation. Antibodies against HTLV were detected in 3 out of 31

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890150108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe immunogenicity of a 5‐μg dose of vaccine (H‐B‐Vax, MSD) was evaluated in 50 young adults (17–19 years). Results were compared to our previous studies using similarly prepared vaccines using 20 μg and 10 μg per dose with the same trial protocol in a comparable population. Seroconversion rates for the 5‐μg doses of vaccine were 80% after the first dose and 98% after the second dose. The remaining participants did not develop anti‐HBs in the course of the trial. These results are not significantly different from those observed in the 10‐μg and 20‐μg studies. The increase of anti‐HBs titers was slower for the 5‐μg group. High geometric mean titers were observed after booster vaccination, but lower for the 5μg (3,591 mIU/ml) than for 10 μg (9,277 mIU/ml) and 20 μg (12,975mIU/ml) doses. It is concluded that 5‐μg dose of the vaccine is effectiv

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890150109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of several naturally occurring dietary flavonoids including quercetin, naringin, hesperetin, and catechin on the infectivity and replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐I), polio‐virus type 1, parainfluenza virus type 3 (Pf‐3), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was studied in vitro in cell culture monolayers employing the technique of viral plaque reduction. Quercetin caused a concentration‐dependent reduction in the infectivity of each virus. In addition, it reduced intracellular replication of each virus when monolayers were infected and subsequently cultured in medium containing quercetin. Preincubation of tissue culture cell monolayers with quercetin did not affect the ability of the viruses to infect or replicate in the tissue culture monolayers. Hesperetin had no effect on infectivity but it reduced intracellular replication of each of the viruses. Catechin inhibited the infectivity but not the replication of RSV and HSV‐1 and had negligible effects on the other viruses. Naringin had no effect on either the infectivity or the replication of any of the viruses studied. Thus, naturally occurring flavonoids possess a variable spectrum of antiviral activity against certain RNA (RSV, Pf‐3, polio) and DNA (HSV‐1) viruses acting to inhibit infectivity and/o

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890150110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPresentation of different influenza virus antigens generates different immune responses. Intranasal immunization with either live (VA) or formalin‐inactivated (VF) A/PR/8/34 (HoN1) influenza virus induced local as well as peripheral cell‐mediated immune response (CMI), as evidenced by elevation in3H‐thymidine incorporation. Cell‐mediated immune response was detected as soon as 24–48 hr following the application of VA and 4–5 days following VF. Cell‐mediated immune response in both instances peaked on the 12th day and disappeared between 16 and 20 days after application.Local CMI response was threefold higher after immunization with VA (SI = 28.6) than with VF (SI = 9.4), while VF induced higher peripheral response (32.0 vs 17.7). The mononuclear cell population in the lungs increased, correlating with a rise in the stimulation index (SI). The percentage of IgA surface‐bearing B lymphocytes was significantly higher following IN administration of VA, but not following VF instillation. This corroborated the finding that VF failed to induce local antibody response in the lungs in spite of its capacity to stimulate humoral antibody and CMI responses.Mice immunized intramuscularly with both viral preparations developed a fair humoral antibody response without detectable CMI (perip

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890150111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY