摘要:

AbstractThe patients and staff members of a haemodialysis unit were examined for their serological responses to SO‐antigen, which was isolated from the urine of epidemic type non‐A, non‐B hepatitis patients at Tohoku University Hospital. To understand how SO‐antigen or SO‐antigen‐related aetiology can be incriminated for the hepatitis found in the haemodialysis unit, the prevalence of SO‐antigen/anti‐SO system and hepatitis A and B virus‐related antibodies was compared in the sera of patients and staff members. Although the SO‐antigen was rarely detected in the serum, anti‐SO antibody was frequently detected in the sera of patients and staff. A significantly higher prevalence was found in the serum of patients (15%, 54 out of 361) than staff members (7.1%, 13 out of 184) and volunteer blood donors (1%, 3 out of 305). The same prevalence percentages of HBV‐related antibodies (either positive for anti‐HBs or anti‐HBc) and anti‐HAV were observed among the patients, staff, and volunteer blood donors, irrespective of whether the sera were anti‐SO positive or negative.Among the staff, anti‐SO antibody was more frequently found in those with a history of acute hepatitis (16.7%, 3 out of 18) than in those without (6%, 10 out of 166). These prevalence ratios conformed with those of HBV‐related antibodies, but the same prevalence ratios of antibody to HAV were observed between the staff with and without a history of acute hepatitis.These results indicate that the SO‐antigen/anti‐SO system or entity related to this immune system is distinct from HBV or HAV, and this immune system was found widely in the haemodialysis unit where type B and non‐A, n

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐five patients with haematological diseases were treated orally with the highly potent and selective anti‐herpes agent, bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU), in a dosage of 7.5 mg/kg/day (divided over three or four doses a day) for 5 days for an intercurrent mucocutaneous herpesvirus infection. Of these 25 patients, 8 were severely granulocytopenic at the time of the viral infection, and 12 recently had undergone bone‐marrow transplantation; 5 were under cytotoxic therapy for a lymphoproliferative disorder; 13 had herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1); 1 had herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2); and 11 had varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) infection. In all but two patients, BVDU arrested progression of the HSV or VZV infection within 1–2 days after treatment was started. One of the two patients who failed to respond to BVDU had an HSV‐2 infection. The other had an HSV‐1 infection, which was highly sensitive to BVDU in vitro; BVDU may have failed in this patient because of incomplete drug intake or profuse diarrhoea, or both. The results of this preliminary uncontrolled clinical trial suggest that BVDU may be an effective and safe drug for the oral treatment of HSV‐1 and VZV infections in severely immuno

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpecific cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) and virus isolation were examined longitudinally to clarify the mechanism of the cessation of virus excretion in inapparent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection among healthy infants and children. We measured leukocyte procoagulant activity (LPCA) responses to CMV antigen and to a purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), with results expressed as a percentage reduction of recalcification (RC) time. Based on the results in seropositive and seronegative adult control subjects, reductions in RC time of more than 10% were considered indicative of a positive LPCA response. The CMV‐specific LPCA response was negative in all infants shedding the virus, despite the presence of circulating antibodies, but were converted from negative to positive when the virus excretion ceased. This suggests that cessation of the virus excretion in inapparent CMV infection among healthy infants and children probably results from the specific

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVirions of molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), a member of the poxviridae, were isolated directly from lesions of individual patients and characterized by restriction enzyme analysis. The comparative analysis of the cleavage patterns and Southern blot hybridization of 14 independently isolated virus samples revealed that MCV isolates can be classified into two different types. The majority of MCV isolated from clinically typical skin lesions (13 of 14) showed similar DNA cleavage patterns and were termed MCV type 1, whereas one isolate derived from a vaginal lesion showed a completely different DNA cleavage pattern and therefore was termed MCV type 2. For detailed investigation of the viral genome, a defined gene library of MCV DNA sequences was established. The Bam HI DNA fragments of the viral genome of MCV type 1 prototype isolate 1/80 was inserted into the bacterial plasmid vector pAT153. With the exception of terminal fragments (fragments A and B) of the viral genome, all other DNA fragments were cloned. All cloned Bam HI DNA fragments were individually identified by digestion of the recombinant plasmid DNA with different restriction enzymes and screened by hybridization of plasmid DNA to viral DNA.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSerum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from patients in rural Thailand during an encephalitis epidemic were assayed with a Japanese encephalitis rapid diagnosis kit. Japanese encephalitis was diagnosed by detection of virus‐specific IgM (JEV IgM) in CSF (1 : 10 dilution) or serum (1 : 100 dilution) with an antibody capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Specimens were assayed immediately on site at the provincial hospital and scored by visual examination within 4 h. Each specimen was retested carefully later to accurately determine its activity (units) at a single screening dilution; each was tested also at serial dilutions to determine its end‐point titer. On‐site kit results showed close agreement with subsequent laboratory results for detection and quantitation of JEV IgM and JEV IgG in either serum or CSF. Using the kit on site, admission CSF from 35 (73%) of 48 laboratory‐proven JEV‐infected patients were scored as definitely positive for JEV IgM, while all 17 CSF specimens from non‐JEV infected patients were read as negative (sensitivity 73%, specificity 100%). A rapid and early diagnosis of acute Japanese encephalitis can be accomplished al

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty‐seven serum and 37 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 27 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were tested for measles virus (MV) IgM antibodies and IgM‐class rheumatoid factor (RF) to determine if a temporal relationship exists between SSPE onset and these immunoglobulins. Sensitive solid‐phase radioimmunoassays were used for immunoglobulin detection. Five of six MV IgM‐positive CSF, both MV IgM‐positive sera and six out of eight sera with elevated RF levels were collected within 1 yr of SSPE onset. Also collected during this time were six other sera having high binding in the MV IgM assay, which was not due to MV‐specific IgM antibodies. Two of these sera had as high or higher binding of IgM to a Vero cell control antigen, suggesting involvement of an IgM‐class autoantibody. The other four sera had false‐positive MV IgM assay results due to RF interference. RF interference was dependent on both the titer and avidity of the MV IgG antibodies involved.Three conclusions can be drawn from these results. First, MV IgM antibodies and elevated RF levles are not markers for acute SSPE, despite the tendency for their synthesis at this stage of the disease. Second, immunoassay analysis of viral IgM antibodies must employ an appropriate control antigen to account for background IgM binding. Finally, even if RF levels are normal or near normal, a false‐positive IgM immunoassay result can still occur if antigen‐specific IgG antibodies in the same sample have the right combination o

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe age‐specific prevalence of antibodies to pyrimidine kinase enzymes of herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV‐1) and 2 (HSV‐2) and of varicella zoster virus (VZV) was measured in serum specimens from 360 persons. Specific inhibition of viral enzyme activity by the serum was used as an indication of the presence of antibodies to the enzyme. For HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 together the overall prevalence of positive sera increased with age and reached about 50% in the older age groups, the major part of the positive sera being HSV‐1 positive. Sera inhibitory to the VZV pyrimidine kinase enzyme were detected only sporadically. Six percent of the tested sera repeatedly inhibited the cytosolar corresponding enzyme of uninfected host cells by an unidentified mechanism. The results of the pyrimidine kinase antibody‐assay test were compared to those obtained by complement fixation (CF) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in a separate set of 50 sera. The correlation between the CF and the EIA tests was good in this selected serum set with CF titres from<8 to 64. Twenty‐four percent of the CF positive sera were negative by the pyrimidine kinase antibody assay, while all pyrimidine‐kinase‐antibody‐positive sera also had antibodies detectable by the two other methods. These results confirm and extend earlier observations on the occurrence of antibodies in human sera to HSV and VZV pyri

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA prospective, randomised clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two live attenuated mumps‐measles vaccines, the Urabe Am 9‐Schwarz and the Jeryl Lynn‐Moraten vaccine, in 400 young children aged 9 months‐4.5 years (median 13.4 months). Antibody responses to both vaccine components were measured by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); 96.9% of the seronegative children who received the Urabe Am 9‐Schwarz vaccine showed satisfactory mumps antibody responses compared to 90% of the Jeryl Lynn‐Moraten vaccine recipients (P<.01). Similar proportions of both groups, 98.5% and 96.8%, respectively, developed measles virus specific antibodies. Both vaccines were equally well tolerated and clinical

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSixty‐three intravenous drug addicts with HBsAg positive hepatitis were studied to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) markers for diagnosis of acute HDV infection. Patients were tested for HBsAg, anti‐HBc‐IgM, and anti‐HD‐IgM by radioimmunoassay (RIA), and for hepatitis delta antigen (HD‐Ag) by a commercial enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA). At least two serum samples at a mean interval of 4 wk were examined from each patient. HDV markers were found in 41 cases. In the first serum sample (obtained within 1–5 wk after onset of illness) HD‐Ag was found in 32 cases and was the only HDV marker in 22; in the remaining 10 cases, HD‐Ag was found along with total anti‐HD, and in 6 of them anti‐HD‐IgM was also detected. Five additional patients were only positive for total anti‐HD, and anti‐HD of the IgM class was the only marker in one patient. HD‐Ag was found more often in the patients studied during the first 2 wk of illness.In the second serum sample, HD‐Ag was never the only marker detected, seven patients were still positive, and in all of them anti‐HD was also present. Thirty patients were only positive for anti‐HD. Seroconversion from HD‐Ag to anti‐HD occurred in 20 of 22 (91 %) patients.The results suggest that HD‐Ag determination by ELISA in the initial serum sample, during the first 2 wk of illness, may be the most sensitive test for the diagnosis of acute delta infection, and that seroconversion to anti‐HD u

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA hybridot assay using a radiolabelled JC virus probe has been used to detect the presence of JCV DNA in brain biopsy and postmortem brain samples from patients with neurological disease and possible progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Sixty‐nine brain samples from 45 patients were examined. Eleven samples from eight patients had detectable JCV DNA sequences. In seven of the eight patients this result was confirmed by electron microscopy and/or virus isolation or immunofluorescenc

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY