摘要:

AbstractThe growth and Cytopathogenicity of five strains of mumps virus were examined in six types of cell cultures and in neonatal hamsters. These strains included the MJ and RW strains, both recent cerebrospinal fluid isolates; the neuroadapted Kilham strain; the Enders strain adapted to chick embryo; and the Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain adapted to chick cell culture. The MJ, RW, and Kilham strains all produced infectious virus without restriction in vitro, but the RW strain did not cause obvious cytopathic effect; the MJ and Kilham strains were cytopathic. The Enders and Jeryl Lynn strains adapted to chick embryo cells were cytopathic and productive in chick cell culture but were restricted in ability to grow productively in vitro on mammalian cell types, even failing to produce noninfectious particles in some cases. In vitro Cytopathogenicity was a host‐independent property of a specific virus strain, but the type of cytopathic effect manifest in culture (eg, fusion, cytoplasmic vacuoles) depended on both the strain and the host cell. The ability of a virus strain to invade the brain parenchyma and infect neurons in vivo appeared to correlate with the strain's Cytopathogenicity and not with passage history or adaptive statu

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890050102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman macrophages were exposed to two influenza A viruses representing different subtypes. The donors were likely to have been exposed to one subtype (H3N2) but not to the other (H0N1). Similar effects upon the macrophages were observed for both subtypes: macrophage enhancement of mitogen‐stimulated lymphocyte transformation responses was depressed, and the macrophages produced interferon. In contrast, macrophages exposed to inactivated virus exhibited normal enhancement of lymphocyte transformation response, yet produced interferon, although in lower titers than did macrophages exposed to infectious viru

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890050103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of virus dose and animal age on the appearance of acute and latent neurologic infection by HSV1and HSV2was studied in Balb/c and ICR mice inoculated in the footpad. At low viral doses HSV2was found to be 1,500 times more neurovirulent than HSV1. At high doses there was no difference in neurovirulence. Age‐acquired resistance to disease was shown to be less complete with HSV2than with HSV1. Neurovirulence was shown to be associated with spread of infection to the spinal ganglia. The data indicate that the factor(s) responsible for the differential neurovirulence of these two viruses is related to events at the level of the footpad and/or sciatic nerv

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890050104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo subpopulations of antigenically different HswlNl influenza viruses, cloned from ‘swine’ New Jersey virus 1976, were individually inoculated into antibody‐free volunteers. One clone contained a haemagglutinin so far seen only in swine viruses prevalent in 1971 and after, the other a haemagglutinin of earlier strains dating back to at least 1957. Each of the viruses was infectious for man and intermediate in human virulence between a wild human virus and swine pathogens of 1966 and 1967, which had earlier been tested in man. Antigenically comparable clones segregated from viruses recovered in Wisconsin from a pig and a human contact, respectively, were also infectious for man; however, they were less virulent than their New Jersey counterparts. Differences between the Wisconsin clones themselves were small, but there was an indication of a relationship between human passage and human virulence. There was no evidence of inherently greater human virulence in the newer Hsw 1N1 serotype as compared with the earlier serotype. Hence, recent detection of swine influenza‐like viruses in man is unlikely to be the consequence of a host‐range mutation concurrent with an antigenic mutation.We believe that the Hsw1N1 viruses recovered from the human influenza outbreak at Fort Dix, New Jersey, and from recent single human infections were wholly derived from enzootic swine viruses that underwent limited human adaptation through man‐to

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890050105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo fractions, I and II, corresponding to heavy and light molecular forms of HBeAg and respectively associated with the (HBe/1 + HBe/2) and (HBe/3) specificities, were separated by ammonium sulfate precipitation in HBeAg‐positive chimpanzee plasma. I 125‐labeling of fractions I and II and immune precipitation by anti‐HBe and anti‐Human IgG were followed by autoradiographic analysis after SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis:This revealed that two small peptides (a major 17,000 MW and minor 21,000 MW) seem common to the various molecular forms and specificities of HBeAg. Both peptides were found tightly linked to IgG in fraction I, associated with HBe/1 and HBe/2 and precipitated by 1.33 M (NH4)2SO4. In the HBe/3‐positive fraction II these peptides seemed attached to IgG light ch

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890050106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree methods were compared for determining anti‐HAV of the IgM class. In the first method flat‐bottomed microtiter plates coated consecutively with anti‐HAV of the IgG class and HAAg were incubated with patient serum and, after washing, peroxidase conjugated anti‐m̈ was added. After subsequent incubation with substrate the enzymatic reaction was stopped and the optical density was measured. In the second method the solid phase was coated first with antibodies to IgM and after incubation with patient serum and subsequent incubations with HAAg and125I anti‐HAV of the IgG class radioactivity was counted. These two methods were compared with reorienting sucrose gradient ultra centrifugation, an established method for demonstrating specific IgM antibodies. The persistence of IgM anti‐HAV in 103 sera drawn at different times after onset of jaundice was evaluated. Sera drawn up to 30 days after onset of hepatitis A were IgM anti‐HAV positive with both of the first two methods. Forty‐one to 90 days after onset of illness IgM anti‐HAV could be demonstrated with the first method in 47% of the patients, in 94% with the second method, and in 82% with gradient centrifugation. The second method was most sensitive and could be adjusted so that at a serum dilution of 1:104anti‐HAV IgM was detected only up to six months after infection. In contrast to the first method, nonspecific reactions caused by rheumatoid factor were not detected with the second method. During a one‐year period about 15,000 sera of patients with clinical diagnoses of acute hepatitis were tested; the positive results correlated well with the clinical data, and there was no indication of nonspe

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890050107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo distinct types of ultrastructural changes were found in the hepatocytes of chimpanzees infected with two forms of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. In the type of infection that was of long incubation, there was a marked cytoplasmic derangement of the endoplasmic reticulum, with the formation of tubules, but no pathological changes in the nuclei. In the short‐incubation type of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis, induced experimentally in a chimpanzee that had recovered from the long‐incubation type of infection, nuclear alterations were found together with the presence of aggregates of particles measuring 15–27 nm in diameter. Cytoplasmic tubules were not seen in this type of non‐A,

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890050108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatitis B virus‐like particles including: small spheres and filaments 15–25 nm in diameter together with a 35–40 nm Dane particle‐like virion have been identified in sera of patients with non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. In a coded serological study, such particles were detected transiently in 3/4 acute, and persistently in 7/8 chronic cases of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis with non‐A, non‐B antigenemia. Only 2/12 similar cases without non‐A, non‐B antigens (Ag) in serum had detectable particles but neither patients with drugs, or type A hepatitis, nor cases of obstructive jaundice. The particles did not express hepatitis B surface (HBs) or non‐A, non‐B Ag at their surface but were associated, in three patients, with significant endogenous DNA polymerase activity. Furthermore, particles similar to hepatitis B cores (HBc) and also associated with DNA polymerase activity were demonstrated by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of a liver homogenate obtained from a patient who had died of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. The non‐A, non‐B hepatitis virion described here appears, therefore, as a hepatitis B‐like virus. The exact kinship between these two a

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890050109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHBeAg, which is a hepatitis B‐associated antigen, was purified and characterized. The end product from ion exchange, gel filtration and immunoadsorbent columns consisted mainly of immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules, identified by immunoelectrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. At least four polypeptides with molecular weights of 55,000, 38,000, 25,000 and 20,000 daltons were detected in four different preparations of HBeAg. Two of these have molecular weights similar to the heavy and light chains of IgG (55,000 and 25,000 daltons). It is postulated that HBeAg may be a small ligand of 20,000 daltons with an affinity for IgG. This affinity, especially if it involves the light chain of IgG, could account for the 38,000 or 42,000 molecular weight polypeptides seen by autoradiograph

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890050110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890050111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY