摘要:

AbstractVirus‐like particles have been visualized by electron microscopy in the liver hepatocytes of two out of four chimpanzees inoculated with two different human non‐A, non‐B hepatitis‐implicated plasmas. The first two chimpanzees, which were infected with the same inoculum (inoculum A), developed liver histological features characteristic of mild acute viral hepatitis as well as rises in their serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Clusters of intranuclear particles, 22 ± 2 nm in diameter, were visualized in one of every fifth hepatocytes in one of these two chimpanzees. Intracytoplasmic circular membrane fusions, 100 to 350 nm in diameter, were observed in the hepatocytes of the other chimpanzee receiving inoculum A.The second two animals were infected with a different human plasma containing infectious NANB material (inoculum B). Both animals developed mild increased serum enzyme levels that were variable but generally elevated throughout the course of this study (220 days); minor, equivocal histologic changes were also observed. Intranuclear and intracytoplasmic particles, 20 ± 1 nm and 37 nm in diameter, respectively, were visualized in the liver of one of the two chimpanzees infected with inoculum B; intranuclear particles were observed in one of seventy‐five hepatocytes and intracytoplasmic particles were observed less frequently. In this same animal, intracytoplasmic circular membrane fusions, similar, if not identical to those described above, were also noted. The intranuclear particles observed in animals receiving inocula A and B were essentially identical, as were the cytoplasmic membrane fusions. Thus, both inocula produced nuclear and cytoplasmic ultrastructural changes. The intracytoplasmic particle clusters (37 nm) were seen in only one animal and demonstrated a high degree of homogeneity, as evidenced by their presence in highly ordered crystalline arrays. All chimpanzees were screened for and found to be negative for evidence of hepatitis A and B, as well as for Epstein‐Barr virus or cytomegalo‐virus‐induced hepatitis. Previous studies have suggested that nuclear and cytoplasmic ultrastructural changes, similar to those described herein, result from two distinct NANB infectious agents. In contrast, our data suggest that both morphologic changes may be caused

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo hundred one immune serum globulin (ISG) lots manufactured in the US between 1967 and 1977 were tested for antibodies to the hepatitis A virus (anti‐HAV) by a competitive‐inhibition radioimmunoassay (RIA); a lesser number were also tested by immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA). The percentage of ISG lots that contained anti‐HAV with a titer of 1:100 or greater by RIA was 50% for those manufactured in 1967, 69% for those manufactured in 1972, and 100% for those manufactured in 1977. The percentage of lots with anti‐HAV titers equal to or greater than 1:500 by RIA was 7% in 1967, 18% in 1972, and 70% in 1977. Only ten lots of ISG (5%) had anti‐HAV titers of 1:1,000 or greater by RIA; seven of these were manufactured in 1977.Both the mean titer of anti‐HAV in ISG lots and the percentage of lots containing significant titers of this antibody appear to have increased in the US over the past ten years. This may reflect the increased use of source plasma from paid plasmapheresis donors in the US during this period. The lower titers of anti‐HAV in the older lots of ISG studied were shown not to be due to fragmentation of antibody molecules d

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDetection of human and bovine rotavirus in stools is described using a double‐antibody sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with polystyrene microtest plates as solid phase, immunoglobulin fraction of rabbit antiserum to rotavirus (human) as catching antibody, and the same reagent labelled with horseradish peroxidase as conjugate. The ELISA has been optimized with regard to simplicity, rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity. In a comparative study, stool specimens from 81 infants and children and 92 neonatal calves with diarrhoea were tested for rotavirus by ELISA, electron microscopy (EM), immunoelectro‐osmorphoresis (IEOP), and fluorescent antibody technique (FA). The relative sensitivity of the different assays for human and bovine rotavirus was: EM 68%, 76%; IEOP 80%, 76%; FA not determined, 85%; and ELISA 86%, 98%, respectively. Less than 1 ng of purified human rotavirus could be detected in ELISA, whereas 100 ng was the minimal amount detected by IEOP. It is concluded that the developed ELISA is a simple, rapid, reliable, and sensitive method for the diagnosis of human and bovine rotavirus infec

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA sensitive enzyme immunoassay is described for demonstrating specific antibodies of the IgM class to tick‐borne encephalitis virus (anti‐TBEV IgM). Anti‐m̈‐coated, flat‐bottomed microtiter plates are incubated with diluted patients'serum (2 hr at 37°C), then with purified TBEV, and later with pero‐xidase‐coupled anti‐TBEV immunoglobulin for a further 2 hr. After washing the plates, orthophenylenediamine is added and the optical density is measured at 510 nm. At an early stage after onset of illness anti‐TBEV IgM could be demonstrated up to serum dilutions of 10−4. The specificity of the test system was shown by total inhibition of the positive reaction by preincubation of patients'sera with anti‐m̈. Tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) could be diagnosed serologically in 54 patients by the described method, and anti‐TBEV IgM could be demonstrated in sera drawn up to 9 months after onset of illness. A peak in the number of infections occurs in the age group of 31–40 years, and most infections occur from June to Oct

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIndirect immunofluorescence titrations were performed with measles virus, the Rockborn strain of canine distemper virus (CDV), and a large plaque variant of the Onderstepoort strain of CDV (Ond‐LP) using monospecific antisera prepared against either the haemagglutinin (anti‐HA), the haemolysin (anti‐HL), or the ribonucleoprotein (anti‐RNP) of measles virus. Tests with anti‐HA showed that the Rockborn strain of CDV was more closely related to measles virus than Ond‐LP, The ribonucleoprotein antigens of the CDV strains were closely related to each other but were both related to and distinct from measles virus RNP. The use of measles anti‐HL serum demonstrated that CDV possesses an antigenically related acetone‐sensitive component equivalent to the haemolysin of measles virus.Absorption of human convalescent serum with excess quantities of acetone‐fixed CDV antigens had no effect on measles‐specific anti‐HA, HL, or RNP activity in the serum. Absorption with measles antigens on the other hand, totally removed all measles and CDV‐specific HA and RNP activity. CDV was not neutralised by any of the monospecific antisera when tested either as individual antisera or as mixtures.Our results demonstrate the occurrence of antigenic variation between different strains of CDV, they also reveal unique antigenic determinants in bot

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSera of 1 55 chronic hepatitis (CH) patients in Argentina were tested for the presence of HBsAg, anti‐HBs, anti‐HBc, and anti‐HAV. Our purpose was to define the role that both virus A and B might play in the etiology and pathogenesis of this condition. The patients were divided into two groups: group I (57) HBsAg‐negative; group II (98) HBsAg‐positive. The control group consisted of 1,209 healthy blood donors from Banco Central de Sangre de Rosario; 286/ 1,209 (24%) had viral markers for HBV. In group I, 38/57 (67%) had anti‐HBs and/or anti‐HBc, but none had anti‐HBs alone. Group II showed a higher percentage of males (P<0.05). We found similar incidence of anti‐HAV among group I, group II, and

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe growth characteristics of the human syncytium‐forming virus (HSFV) were examined in several human cell lines of normal and malignant origins and composing of either fibroblastic or epithelial‐like cells. Virus production occurred only in the fibroblastic diploid cell lines: HEF (human embryonic cells, Flow #5,000) and HFDL #645 (human fetal diploid lung), but not in the epithelial‐like heteroploid cell lines: RA (a continuous line of human amnion), #999 (human bone marrow), and KB (carcinoma of the nasopharynx). While the single‐cycle growth pattern of the virus in HEF and HFDL #645 cell lines were essentially similar, the virus yield per cell was greater in the HFDL #645 cells. Furthermore, the physiological state of the cell had a marked effect on virus production. Subconfluent actively growing HFDL #645 cells produced higher yields of virus than density‐inhibited confluent HFDL #645 cell cultures. The replication of HSFV was inhibited by actinomycin D at concentrations that did not interfere with poliovirus replication (0.001 to 0.01 jug/ml). Pretreatment and posttreatments of infected cell cultures with either the polycation polybrene (hexadimethrine bromide) or the synthetic glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone did not enhance HSFV p

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cord bloods of 30 congenitally malformed infants, born consecutively at the Worcester Royal Infirmary, were screened for serological evidence of infection with Border disease and bovine virus diarrhoea viruses as well as for the presence of rubella‐, cytomegalovirus‐, and measles‐specific IgM. Despite Border disease and bovine virus diarrhoea being endemic among sheep and cattle in counties bordering Wales, none of the cord blood samples contained antibodies to Border disease or bovine virus diarrhoea viruses. No rubella‐, measles‐, or cytomegalovirus‐specific IgM was detected. When the total immunoglobulins were estimated, 15 of the malformed infants had elevated levels, but in a control group of 35 infants born in the same unit, none showed significantly elevated immunoglob

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890070101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY