摘要:

AbstractVaccine strain derivatives could be serially isolated from the feces of a healthy infant for about 30 days after the second administration of a trivalent poliovirus vaccine. These were all identified as poliovirus type 3, and no other types were detected. The titer in feces increased gradually until day 19, when it reached a maximum, after which it decreased. The plaque size altered roughly in parallel with the changes in the titer. On day 11 it began to increase, becoming the highest abruptly on day 15, and then fell again. Oligonucleotide mapping analysis of RNAs of isolated viruses showed that the samples from days 1 and 11 exhibited the same patterns as those shown by the vaccine strain RNA. However, on day 15 many of the preexisting spots had decreased, and new ones appeared. On day 27, the pattern was again similar to that of the original virus, rather than that of the day‐15 virus. A nonmetric distance scaling and cluster analysis suggested that all the strains were derived from the same origin and that the polioviruses on days 1, 11, 21, and 27 had closer relationships, but the poliovirus on day 15 was differen

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSubgenomic fragments of cDNA from poliovirus type 1 were inserted downstream from the SP6 or the T7 promoter in a Gemini riboprobe vector and their in vitro synthesized RNA transcripts were used as radiolabeled probes for the detection of enteroviral RNAs by molecular hybridization. The cRNA transcripts appeared to be more sensitive probes than the corresponding cDNAs. In vitro transcripts of the 5′ noncoding region (5′ nc riboprobe) were able to detect all of 14 reference enterovirus strains tested, as well as human rhinovirus 2, by dot blot hybridization with infected cell lysates. The same riboprobe also detected the enteroviral RNAs present in 16 of 18 samples of successive passages of stools in tissue culture and in some cases even in crude stool extracts. A riboprobe from the VP 1 region detected specifically poliovirus types 1,2, and 3 in lysates of infected cells and in 50% of the infected stool specimens tested. These probes could be of particular interest for the epidemic survey of poliovirus infecti

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prevalence rate of IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) was determined in a sample of 567 women of childbearing age in the southern part of Israel by the immunoperoxidase assay to membrane antigen (IPAMA) technique. Urban Jewish women of Afro‐Asian origin showed significantly higher rates of seropositivity than urban Jewish women of European‐American origin (80% vs 65%, respectively, P<0.001), closely resembling the level of CMV seropositivity found in Afro‐Asian and European‐American countries in the same age and sex population groups. The Bedouin women showed slightly lower rates of CMV seropositivity (75%) than Jewish women of Afro‐Asian origin. Particularly high rates of CMV seropositivity were detected in women who live in a kibbutz environment: 96% in women of Afro‐Asian origin and 80% in women of Euro‐American origin. Multiple discriminant analysis also singles out the kibbutz environment as a major contributor to the variance between the groups tes

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn situ hybridisation was used to detect RNA of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in peripheral mononuclear blood cells. Presence of HBV‐RNA was detected in 10/17 HBsAg positive HBeAg positive patients, in 8/18 HBsAg positive HBeAg negative patients, in 1/3 anti‐HBs positive subjects. Four control subjects were negative. The frequency of labelled cells varied from 1 to 10% of mononuclear cells. These results indicate that the DNA detected so far in mononuclear blood cells may be transcriptionally act

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe recently developed enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of anti‐BK virus IgG‐ and IgM‐antibodies, and also a convenient and rapid serum neutralization test. Complemented by a traditional haemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) these methods were used to investigate the longitudinal response to BKV infection in sequentially taken sera from 29 children under treatment for cancer.In separate experiments it was shown that the results were not at any extent influenced by antibodies against other polyomaviruses.At the time of diagnosis the prevalence of specific IgG‐ and IgM‐antibodies and the geometric mean IgG levels were not significantly different for the patients compared with a group of healthy children. The primary infections seemed to occur at the same age for the two groups of children.Seven of the patients had a primary infection with BKV. The results indicate that the host response in moderately immunosuppressed children during primary infection is the same as expected for healthy individuals with the development of specific IgG, HAI, and NT antibodies, and, usually, production of BKV‐IgM for several months. The results indicated that whether specific IgM was demonstrated in the first sample or appeared later during a reactivation episode, this parameter was correlated with profound immunosuppression.Significant titre changes, detectable IgM antibodies and/or seromnversions were demonstrated in 69% (20/29) of the cancer patients. Such indications of recent viral activity was recorded in 42% (S/i9) of chifdren with meningococcal infections. The observation periods for the two groups of patients are, however, not direct

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) capable of serotyping human rotavirus (HRV) in faecal extracts has enabled us to retrospectively study the epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Melbourne. Of 552 stored specimens obtained from individuals with rotavirus‐associated gastroenteritis between 1975 and 1986, the serotype could be determined in 62%. Infection was most prevalent in two groups, neonates and children aged between 12 and 24 months. In these groups infection was due to different serotypes, type 1 in older children and an untypable virus in infants. Serotype 1 strains were detected in greater numbers than the other serotypes and circulated in each year of the study. Serotype 2 rotaviruses were associated with a large epidemic in 1978, but have been detected only rarely sinc

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent reports have documented human parvovirus B 19 infection in pregnancy, which may lead to spontaneous abortion, stillbirth or hydrops fetalis. Transplacental infection in a case of hydrops fetalis is demonstrated by light and electron microscopy observation of virus inclusions in all tissues examined. Parvovirus particles measuring approximately 20 nm were observed within the nuclei of erythropoietic cells. The parvovirus virions were observed most commonly as randomly distributed particles and rarely in crystalline assays. Thus definitive evidence of fetal infection confined to red cell precursors is documented.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 30 patients with pneumonitis, 16 of whom had undergone bone marrow transplantation, 13 episodes of cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis were diagnosed. In three of these, alpha‐interferon, which in two cases was partially acid‐labile, was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. All three of these patients died. Only two deaths occurred in ten patients without detectable levels of alpha interferon in the lavage fluid. CMV pneumonitis in immunocompromised patients appears to stimulate the local production of a partially acid‐labile alpha‐interferon, and its presence is associated with a poor prognosis. Gamma‐interferon was not found in the lavage fluid of any patient with pn

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA nationwide seroepidemiological study of hepatitis B markers prevalence was conducted in Ethiopia on 5,270 young males from all regions of the country.Overall prevalence rates were 10.8% for HBsAg and 73.3% for “at least one marker positive”; a remarkable geographical and ethnic variability of marker prevalence was observed, reflecting the wide differences existing in Ethiopia in sociocultural environment and activities such as tribal practices and traditional surgery. Sexual practices and medical exposure also play some role as determinants of hepatitis B marker prevalence in Ethiopia. General preventive measures, with particular reference to health education, by affecting incriminating habits and practices could have some impact on infection rates in Ethiopia, in the absence of a vaccination strategy presently unrealistic in this region of the wo

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cell‐mediated and humoral immune responses to human papillomavirus (HPV) were tested in groups of patients with various degrees of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) using a lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA) as a measure of circulating sensitised T‐cells and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies.Twenty‐three of 92 patients (25%) gave stimulation indices (S.I.) greater than two to at least one of the several antigen preparations tested in the LPA. Of 282 patients, 144 (50.1%) showed ELISA indices (E.I.) greater than one to HPV‐1 and/or HPV‐2 antigens prepared by disruption of purified virions.No correlation was found between positive responses in either test and the presence in cervical biopsies of koilocytes (considered pathognomonic for HPV infections), or between positive responses and the degree of dysplasia observed. Rather, positive antibody and T‐cell responses corresponded with a history of past or present skin warts. Although antibody was detected in 42/86 (48.8%) women who thought they had never had warts, only 2/24 (8.3%) with no known history gave a positiv

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890240111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY