摘要:

AbstractAntibody responses to early antigens of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), simian varicella virus, and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV‐1 and HSV‐2) were studied in primary, secondary, and latent infections. IgG antibody responses to the early antigens occurred in primary and secondary VZV and HSV infections, and antibodies to early antigens were also demonstrable in healthy individuals with latent VZV and HSV infections, indicating that the presence of antibodies to early antigens cannot be taken as evidence of active infection with the viruses. Patients with current VZV or HSV infections showed heterotypic IgG antibody responses to early antigens of VZV and HSV to the same extent as to late antigens. In all groups of patients, IgG antibody titers to early antigens were similar to those against the corresponding late antigens, and no difference was seen in the reactivity of early antigens produced with four different blocking agents (cytosine arabinoside, bromodeoxyuridine, trisodium phosphonoformate, and cycloheximide). Antibodies of the IgM and IgA classes reacted with both early and late antigens of HSV, but only with late antigens of VZV and simian varicella virus, suggesting that these antibodies may be directed against late proteins that are expressed to a greater extent in HSV‐infected cells treated with blocking agents than they are expressed in treated VZV‐infected cells. Homologous IgM antibody responses occurred in both primary and secondary VZV infections, but only in primary HSV infections. Heterotypic IgM responses to HSV‐2 antigen were noted in a few VZV patients who did not have demonstrable IgG antibody to HSV, suggesting that even in patients without prior experience with HSV, a VZV infection may stimulate the production of IgM antibodies that react with antigens that are shared by VZV and HSV‐2. IgA antibodies to late antigens of VZV and HSV were demonstrable in latent, as well as active, infections with

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890130102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIndirect radioimmunoassays (RIAs) of IgM and IgG antibodies to enteroviruses have been developed, using coxsackieviruses B1 and B3, and echoviruses 11 and 30. The titres of IgM and IgG were assayed in paired sera from patients infected with one of these viruses or coxsackieviruses A7, A9, A16, B2, B4, B5 or echoviruses 4, 17, or 25. Both IgM and IgG were found in almost all serum pairs with each of the four viruses used as an antigen, and there were no certain differences between titres obtained with homologous and heterologous antigens. The convalescent phase specimens contained significantly higher titres compared with the acute phase specimens, the difference being most pronounced for IgG. Of the specimens from patients with nonenterovirus infections, a relatively high percentage contained IgM and IgG against enterovirus antigen. However, no increases in titres were seen between acute and convalescent specimens. When specimens from younger patients, aged 2 days to 22 months, without evidence of enterovirus infections, were assayed with enterovirus antigen, the frequency of IgM titres was seen to increase with age. Almost all specimens from newborns were negative, whereas the specimens from 12‐ to 22‐month‐old children showed a high frequency of IgM titres. In specimens from patients aged 2 days to 8 months, the ratio between IgM and IgG titres increased with age, probably due to a loss of maternal IgG. The IgG titres in specimens from 8.5‐ to 22‐month‐old children were similar to the titres of specimens from the patients with nonenterovirus infections.A reverse IgM assay was also developed, using the same viruses and serum specimens as for the indirect assays. In contrast to the indirect IgM assay, the reverse IgM assay was apparently type specific, provided that the amount of labeled virus was carefully standardized. The reverse IgM RIA detected and identified antibody responses better than the neutralization test. Attempts to develop a reverse IgG assay were promising concerning the specificity, but the sensitiv

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890130103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMixed infection, the infection of a single cell by two distinguishable viruses, has been demonstrated electron microscopically in human embryo lung (HEL) and human embryo kidney (HEK) cells infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human polyomavirus (BKV). There was no evidence of enhancement of HCMV by BKV in either cell system; however, in HEL cells under certain conditions, HCMV enhanced the growth rate of BKV. Since both BKV and HCMV are often found in the urine of immunosuppressed patients, the enhancement of BKV by HCMV may be of clinical significance.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890130104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMA104 cells were used to titrate human rotavirus, and its capacity to render the cells resistant to coxsackievirus B 1 infection enabled us to determine easily the infectious titer of three prototype human rotaviruses. When rabbit antisera prepared against these prototype viruses were used for the neutralization test, the viruses could be discriminated from each other by a specific neutralization test.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890130105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLong particles, 75 nm in diameter, some branching and some curled at their ends, were found within vacuoles in “L” cells. These could be easily transmitted to Vero cells, which like the “L” cells were killed. The particles were up to 20 μm in length with hollow cores 37 nm in diameter surrounded by a smooth unit membrane from which no spikes protruded. The particles could not be assigned to any kno

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890130106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVaricella‐Zoster Virus (VZV) infection can be definitively diagnosed by isolation of virus in cell culture, a process that usually takes 7–14 days. In order to facilitate the more rapid detection of this virus, we developed a technique for hybridization of DNA from clinical specimens using an in vitro‐labeled mixture of cloned fragments of VZV DNA as a probe. The assay can be completed in 36–48 hr and can be successfully carried out in the range of 10 pg to 10 ng of viral DNA. In analyses of 38 specimens from patients with a clinical diagnosis of VZV infection, the results of viral isolation and this assay were highly concordant. The sensitivity of standard cell culture for detection of VZV was 58%, whereas the sensitivity of the assay was 76%, not significantly different (P = 0.14). The specificity of cell culture was 100%, whereas that of the assay was 94% (P = 0.49). The technique appears to be sensitive, specific, and useful for analyses of tissues and body

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890130107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCharacteristic cytoplasmic membranous structures and intranuclear aggregates of particles similar to those reported in non‐A, non‐B hepatitis were observed by electron microscopy in the liver biopsies of chimpanzees inoculated with human serum, infectious for the delta agent. The ultrastructural changes were maximal during the intrahepatic production of the δdL antigen, but were detected also independently of δdL‐Ag expression. The ultrastructural analogies provide further evidence that δdL has properties distinct

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890130108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, EIA) was developed for the detection of delta antigen in serum treated with Tween 20. The serum delta antigen so derived was used in an ELISA for anti‐delta. Both tests were specific and more sensitive than radioimmunoassay (RIA) when applied to testing parenteral drug abusers. It is concluded that the different sources of delta‐antigen used may account for the different sensitivities noted, and that delta antigenaemia in acute infection may be more frequently detectable than was first thought, amounting to 71% of those with delta infection in this study and that these sera are a convenient alternative source of an

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890130109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this study we have characterised the DNA replicative intermediates of hepatitis B virus and have shown that HBV‐DNA replication is asymmetric. This pattern of HBV replication is similar to that reported for the related duck hepatitis virus (DHBV) and suggests the involvement of a similar reverse transcription process in HBV‐DNA replicat

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890130110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFollowing a period of 6 years of low measles incidence, an epidemic occurred in Hungary with more than 11,000 reported cases between September 1980 and August 1981. About 60% of the cases had a documented history of previous measles vaccination. Serum samples obtained from 7815 patients were examined for measles antibody by haemagglutination inhibition (HI). In addition to conventional antibody titration, most of the sera or their IgM fraction obtained by a simple ion exchange chromatography were tested for the presence of measles‐specific IgM antibodies by 2‐mercaptoethanol (2‐ME) treatment, and in 300 patients also by the fluorescent antibody (FA) technique. Laboratory results confirmed the diagnosis of measles in 5356 patients and supported it in 685 cases. Primary antibody response was found in 96.1% of unvaccinated and in 77.4% of previously vaccinated patients. The percentage of secondary antibody responses increased with increasing time from vaccination only in patients vaccinated before their first birthday, whereas in those who were immunized when over 12 months old, the distribution of primary and secondary antibody responses was independent from the time that had elapsed since vaccination. Therefore, secondary vaccine failure due to waning immunity account for only 6.2% of previously vaccinated patients, whereas in 93.8% of patients, including the majority of those with secondary antibody response, a primary failure of vaccination due to unsuccessful immunization was incrimi

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890130111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY