摘要:

While many theorists have assumed that the family has an etiological part in the development of schizophrenia, most findings, since they come predominantly from observations after the illness has occurred, could plausibly be interpreted as family responses to the illness. In this experimental study, we constructed artificial families in order to measure independently of each other the effects of parents of schizophrenics on children and the effects of schizophrenic children on parents. Findings from a cognitive task requiring abilities to attend and abstract show that the presence of a schizophrenic child has only minor disruptive effects upon the performance of normal parents; parents of schizophrenics also have little effect upon normal children. Instead, the most consistent effects are those of normal parents on the schizophrenic child. Adolescent schizophrenic patients whose cognitive performance deficit is apparent prior to the experiment show significant improvement after having worked on the cognitive task with normal parents; their cognitive deficit disappears, and their performance is not different from matched normal children. Further investigation will center on the quality of the normal parents' “normalizing” effe

ISSN:0014-7370    

DOI:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1974.00001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The dramatic numerical and proportional increase in the elderly population has important implications for family dynamics and the family life cycle. This paper considers some of the issues of aging, death, loss, and separation, as they relate to individual and family development and to shifting roles and responsibilities of family members.

ISSN:0014-7370    

DOI:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1974.00023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Most conceptions of power refer to the relative ability of persons to achieve individual ends in interpersonal contexts in which their ends conflict. Within groups, such as the family, which are characterized by functionally disuse and ongoing relations, there are serious methodological problems with determining actors' ends. This has led to the use of a variety of substitute procedures that allow one to talk of power without assessing the particular ends of specific persons. This paper critically examines these substitute procedures and suggests their inadequacy for the study of families and similar small groups. It is suggested that an alternative to power must be found in order to proceed with the work for which that concept has been used. The sketch of one alternative is presented and its implications discussed.

ISSN:0014-7370    

DOI:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1974.00039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was based on a standard task — the discussion of the question, “How, out of all the millions of people in the world, did the two of you get together?”— administered to the parents in “disturbed” and “non‐disturbed” families. The family disturbance in the 46 families was classified according to its presence or absence, its degree, and its kind. The diagnoses were: schizophrenias (S), delinquency (D), under‐achievement and/or enuresis, or psychosomatic complaints (U), ulcerative colitis (UC), and non‐disturbed (N). Seven scales were used to score the parents' verbal exchanges. Three scales that measure transactional and contextual validation and invalidation significantly differentiated the groups. Mutual validation was maximal in the N couples and minimal in the D and S couples. Invalidation between the D and S couples appeared to arise from their unsuccessf

ISSN:0014-7370    

DOI:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1974.00053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Family therapy is considered from the systems point of view as a process with a series of stages including definitive beginning and end points. The stages are identified as crisis points in family therapy ‐ i.e., moments in the therapy process when the equilibrium of the family is upset and when stress reactions among family members are most likely to be intense. Since times of crisis also provide special opportunities for growth and change, they can be utilized therapeutically provided the therapist is knowledgeable about the kinds of upheavals that a family may experience and the time sequence in which they may occur. Eight such crisis points and their relation to therapeutic intervention are presented. The purpose of this paper is to outline the role of the crisis as therapeutic opportunity in the course of family therap

ISSN:0014-7370    

DOI:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1974.00077.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The procedures, dynamics, and process of multi‐family group therapy are presented with case examples from the authors' practic

ISSN:0014-7370    

DOI:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1974.00095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ability of marital partners to directly change an unhappy marriage to a happy one may be a function of each individual's conscious awareness of the topography, frequency, and other parameters of his own behavior, as well as his awareness of the consequences these behaviors have on his spouse. This paper reports an attempt to combine the use of relevant behavioral awareness and a token economy to rehabilitate a marriage in crisis. An initial two‐month follow‐up indicated, both from the data and the couples' subjective report, that the relationship was now much more reinforcing and both partners were satisfied with the marri

ISSN:0014-7370    

DOI:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1974.00111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0014-7370    

DOI:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1974.125_2.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0014-7370    

DOI:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1974.125_4.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0014-7370    

DOI:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1974.125_5.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY