摘要:

ABSTRACTMultiple objective programming provides a means of aiding decision makers facing complex decisions where trade‐offs among conflicting objectives must be reconciled. Interactive multiobjective programming provides a means for decision makers to learn what these trade‐offs involve, while the mathematical program generates solutions that seek improvement of the implied utility of the decision maker. A variety of multiobjective programming techniques have been presented in the multicriteria decision‐making literature. This study reviews published studies with human subjects where some of these techniques were applied. While all of the techniques have the ability to support decision makers under conditions of multiple objectives, a number of features in applying these systems have been tested by these studies. A general evolution of techniques is traced, starting with methods relying upon linear combinations of value, to more recent methods capable of reflecting nonlinear trade‐offs of value. Support of nonlinear utility and enhancing decision‐maker learning are c

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1992.tb00374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTBasic characteristics of an assemble‐to‐order environment make effective master scheduling extremely difficult. Limited resource capacities and dynamic customer end‐item demand contribute to the complexity of the master production scheduling problem. To gain flexibility and responsiveness within this system, the master production schedule (MPS) focuses at the component level. This research proposes a master scheduling technique for manufactured components which combines a multiobjective capacitated multi‐item/multi‐stage lot‐sizing model with an interactive multiple objective optimization solution procedure. To evaluate the model's performance as a realistic and practical master scheduling tool, this study focuses on the National Cash Register (NCR) electronics manufacturing facility in Columbia, Sou

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1992.tb00375.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTManufacturing strategy reflects the goals of the business strategy and directs the manufacturing function in achieving them. In this study, we focus on two decision areas with crucial implications for manufacturing strategy: product planning and process design. Using mathematical programming models as a research tool, we test several conjectures in the manufacturing strategy literature regarding linkages between the two decisions.Our results show that a close integration between these decisions helps control the product offerings, stabilize process requirements, improve process technology choices, and increase net cash flows over time. Using the concept of environmental clusters, we found that a close linkage is more critical when the environment is more complex, less uncertain, and tighter. Based on these findings, we present some managerial implications and suggestions for future research.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1992.tb00376.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe increased use of cellular manufacturing configurations designed to grapple with increasing competitive pressures is providing manufacturing managers and engineers with a broad variety of operational challenges. Many questions concerning the best procedures and policies for the day‐to‐day operation of manufacturing cells are still unanswered. The primary objective of this study is to compare the performance of traditional single‐stage heuristics and the two‐stage group scheduling heuristics that have exhibited superior performance in previous studies in a flow‐through cell environment under a rigorous set of experimental conditions. Such a comparison is of great interest since each previous study has focused on proposing new heuristics and testing them against some particular baseline heuristic, often without comprehensive comparisons to the broad variety of previously proposed heuristics.Two single‐stage heuristics and four two‐stage heuristics are examined under sixteen experimental conditions (four experimental factors at two levels each). The experimental factors examined are shop load, due date tightness, setup to run‐time ratio, and interarrival time distribution. Results vary by experimental condition and performance criteria, but in general, two‐stage heuristics outperformed single‐stage heuristics under all experimental conditions, as well as being relatively insensitive to changing experimental conditions. In addition, two of the two‐stage heuristics displayed superior performance on all performance measures under most experimental conditions. Finally, the results indicated that interarrival time distribution does have a major impact on the performance of

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1992.tb00377.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTExpert critiquing systems are a rapidly growing class of intelligent decision support systems that apply artificial intelligence techniques to criticize a user's proposed solution to a problem. Critic programs now exist in the medical, engineering, programming, knowledge acquisition, word processing, and other domains.Critic refinement is a nontrivial activity that, even when done well, consumes a sizable fraction of the complete effort to build and deploy a critiquing system. To ease that effort, it is important to adopt a rigorous approach that allows one to reproducibly measure the degree of success of the current critic version and to predict which refinements will improve the critic further. The current article presents one such approach with actual case studies that illustrate its usage and elaborate selected aspects of the refinement process.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1992.tb00378.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper evaluates the performance of a joint ordering inventory policy which was first suggested and characterized by Renberg and Planche [14]. This paper shows that the policy is easily characterized for Poisson demands. This policy is then compared with two other joint ordering policies—the well‐known (S, c, s) or can‐order policy of Balintfy [3] and the recent periodic policies suggested by Atkins and lyogun [2]. For a continuous review operating environment, the Renberg and Planche policy utilizes a group reorder point and a combined order quantity (Q), with each item maintaining an order‐up‐to level (S). For the can‐order policy, each item in the product group has a must‐order point (s), a can‐order point (c) and an order‐up‐to level (S). The periodic policies require that item orders be grouped at some fixed scheduled intervals. Using long‐run total average costs as the basis, it is shown that no one policy is superior to the others in all the examples tested. In some cases, the Renberg and Planche policy perfo

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1992.tb00379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe transfer of expert knowledge to novices is one means of improving decision quality. Research needs to identify (1) the knowledge to be transferred to novices, and (2) the best method for transferring that knowledge. Studies that compare the judgment behavior of experienced and novice auditors address the first issue. The present study addresses the second issue in the context of using a computer‐assisted training (CAT) program. CAT was selected for study because of evidence that it can both improve the effectiveness and reduce the costs of training. An experiment was conducted in which two factors were manipulated: (1) the design of the human‐computer interface of the CAT program, and (2) the content of training tasks. The judgment of interest involved causal reasoning about the relationships between various internal control procedures and possible errors. The results indicate that alternative styles of interaction with a CAT program differ in terms of learning effectiveness. In addition, there was also evidence that training task content affected learn

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1992.tb00380.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA hierarchical production planning and scheduling system is developed that integrates planning decisions into a unified and consistent framework. A three‐tiered approach is used to address long‐term inventory control, short‐term production planning, and daily scheduling tasks. A product grouping scheme introduces uniformity into the solution process and simplifies overall model complexity. Results of the model implementation are rep

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1992.tb00381.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThere are a limited number of papers dealing primarily with the implementation aspect of JIT. While the literature shows almost general agreement on the critical elements of JIT implementation, few empirical studies exist to support the proposed elements. The purpose of this study is to identify the elements of JIT implementation that are required to ensure successful implementation. A number of implementation elements were identified and subsequently grouped into a hierarchical structure consisting of four broader elements. Criteria were selected as measures of the level of implementation success. Analysis revealed that only a few of the identified elements were indeed required for successful JIT implementation.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1992.tb00382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTBased on a belief revision model recently proposed by Hogarth and Einhorn [35], the present research investigates the effects of information presentation orders on tax professionals’ belief revisions about ambiguous tax treatments. Also examined in the study are the impacts of the tax professionals’ experience and the client's tax preference on the belief revision. The results show that the experienced tax professionals’ belief revisions are affected by the presentation order manipulations, but unaffected by the client preference manipulations. In contrast, the inexperienced tax professionals’ belief revisions display a reverse

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1992.tb00383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY