摘要:

ABSTRACTTree bucking is the initial production process in converting felled trees into useable wood products. This process has been previously modelled as a dynamic programming problem. Unlike other production problems that have been modelled as dynamic programming problems, there have been no serious attempts to formulate this problem as a branch‐and‐bound model and then examine the model's performance. This research develops the tree bucking problem as a branch‐and‐bound model to be tested by varying several parameters. The testing is performed in two phases: (1) a sensitivity analysis is performed to test two key parameters used by the model, and (2) branching strategies are tested on various problem scenarios. The size of the solution sets searched by the technique vary from as low as 40 to as many as 41,000 possible combi

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb00313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis article describes an algorithm used to formulate an inbound consolidation strategy when multi‐items are replenished in groups and when total logistics cost is to be minimized. The importance of this algorithm is threefold (1) no optimal procedure exists for grouping multi‐items when minimizing total logistics cost, (2) a complete enumeration of all possible groups (from which the optimal grouping set can be identified) is impractical due to the combinatorial nature of the grouping problem, and (3) no other heuristics have been developed that adequately reflect shipping cost in the analysis like this one does. We report the experience of using this algorithm to group and reorder 75 selected ensembles containing a total of 517 inventory items of a retail merchandising f

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb00314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWhile a fairly large body of literature dealing with just‐in‐time (JIT) manufacturing exists, most of it is descriptive. JIT research consists primarily of case studies, surveys, a few analytic models (primarily dealing with Kanban), and some simulations. This research builds on the existing literature to develop and test an exploratory model of JIT purchasing with an empirical field study of an actual JIT implementation. While the results basically follow hypotheses developed from the literature, some anomalies were found. The research provides both a methodology for further JIT study and an indication of the possible relative importance of JIT purchasing characteristics as they exist in a North American installation. Especially insightful is the fact that the relative importance changes depending on whether customer inventory or supplier inventory is used as the dependent variable. With customer inventory, the variables measuring delivered lot size, the size of release changes, and supplier manufacturing lead time were significant. With supplier inventory, only supplier manufacturing lot size was signific

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb00315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAlthough models of the multiperiod cost variance investigation decision problem have been extensively analyzed, their implementation is hindered by the manager's lack of knowledge of parameter values essential to determining the optimal investigation strategy. This paper develops a minimax approach to determine a reasonable investigation strategy, even without knowledge of certain parameters. Specifically, the Dittman‐Prakash Markovian variance investigation model is modified to allow specification of a suitable strategy when neither the probability of staying in the in‐control state nor the expected cost for the out‐of‐control state is known. An objective function based on controllable costs is derived and a solution technique for the resulting minimax problem is developed. Numerical results indicate that the inherently robust minimax approach captures most of the cost savings available from methods that place greater input demands on the

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb00316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA procedure is developed for determining two‐group linear discriminant classifiers that misclassify the fewest number of observations in the training sample. An experimental study confirms the value of this approac

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb00317.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSeveral linear programming methods have been suggested as discrimination procedures. A least absolute deviations regression procedure is developed here which is simpler to use and does not suffer from any lack of invariance. A simulation study shows it to be at least as effective as any of the methods previously discussed for normal and heavy‐tailed distribution

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb00318.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTManaging the trade‐off between achieving a stable master production schedule (MPS) and being responsive to changes in customer requirements is a difficult problem in many firms where providing a high level of customer service is viewed as an important competitive factor. One alternative for managing this trade‐off is to freeze an agreed portion of the MPS. This paper investigates the impact of adjustments in the design parameters of MPS freezing methods on two performance measures (MPS lot‐sizing cost and stability) under stochastic demand conditions in a rolling planning horizon environment given a service level target. Simulation experiments are reported which indicate that many of the conclusions regarding the design of MPS freezing methods obtained under deterministic demand conditions hold under stochastic d

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb00319.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effect of budget‐based incentive compensation schemes is a fundamental issue in developing and implementing organizational control systems. This study investigates the effect of alternative compensation schemes on performance and satisfaction. A theoretical model outlining the primary relationships is formulated and related hypotheses specified. The hypotheses reflect an integration of agency theory and organization behavior research. Across‐group and within‐group effects are investigated using both single‐period and multiperiod analyses. A laboratory study involving 40 subjects is undertaken and the findings provide insights into the individual and group effects of alternative compensation schemes and the dynamics of changing Compensation schemes on productivity and satisfaction. Specifically, a relationship is found between compensation schemes and performance. The effect on performance is independent of the compensation scheme's perceived fairness. Satisfaction is a function of the congruence between the preferred scheme and the implemented

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb00320.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper examines some approaches to decision problems under uncertainty. Starr's [29] domain criterion is presented and modified to take into account different philosophies concerning the desirability of winning versus the importance of avoiding losses. The concept of expected value of distribution information is defined and its computation is illustrated with a numerical example. Target values are then introduced into the model and a parametric procedure is used to maximize the chances of achieving a certain level of the given objective. Finally, we show how the concepts developed in this paper might provide further insight into some decision situations reported in the literature.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb00321.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe audit staff planning problem, a specific type of manpower planning problem, has been modeled using goal programming and, more recently, multiple objective linear programming. Prior studies developed single‐period models and did not go beyond the model building stage. This study develops a multiperiod audit staff planning model and evaluates the model using a test application involving actual decision makers (partners in public accounting firms).The multiperiod model includes seven objectives to be optimized: profit (to be maximized), late completion of work, work declined, staff augmentation, staff reduction, underutilization of the work force, and shortfall in meeting professional development targets (all to be minimized). Over a four‐quarter planning horizon with one “busy season,” the model is subject to constraints with respect to the projected audit work load, ability to substitute personnel and to perform interim audit work, available staff hours (including overtime limitations), supervisory requirements, and professional development targets.Results of the test application showed that the model was capable of producing a range of values for each objective. The participants were exposed to much of that range when making their decisions. The results also showed that all objectives were important and that participants were consistent in choosing their preferred level of each objective over several runs of the model. These results and the reactions of the participants demonstrate that the model is usable by actual decision makers and has potential for a number of specific appli

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1990.tb00322.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY