摘要:

ABSTRACTNumerous researchers have now considered the impact of task characteristics on employee responses. However, relatively little is known about how information regarding individual task dimensions is processed to arrive at an overall judgment. Most studies simply consider the role of individual job characteristics or arbitarily apply a particular combinatory model. In the rare instances where alternative models have been simultaneously considered, there has been some apparent confusion regarding the meaning of models and/or interpretation of findings.The current study explored alternative combinatory models of human evaluative judgments. Data on task dimensions and employee affective responses were collected from subjects in two samples, one in a manufacturing firm and one in a Division of Corrections. Task dimension scores were combined by use of compensatory, conjunctive, and disjunctive models. Multiple regression was used to examine relationships between resultant scores and various affective response indices.All three models exhibited generally significant predictive ability. The linear compensatory model was found to be as powerful a predictor of evaluative judgments as were non‐linear alternatives. Implications of findings are presente

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00652.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe problem of estimating steady state absorption probabilities for first order stationary Markov chains having a finite state space is examined. As model parameters, these probabilities are analytic functions of transition probabilitiesQandR, and they can be represented asP= (I‐Q)‐1R. EstimatorsP̌may be obtained by replacing the transition probabilities by their maximum likelihood estimatorsQandŘunder multinomial theory. Using large sample multivariate normal theory, one can derive the asymptotic distribution of these estimators and can obtain large sample confidence intervals. Finally, an application related to estimating loss reserves for an installment loan portfolio assumed to satisfy a Markov chain is discu

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00653.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWhile many problems of uncertainty are commonly analyzed by means of stochastic models, under certain circumstances this may not be an appropriate approach. The latter situation arises when the decision maker knows that the uncertain variables are not generated by a stochastic process, or when he is unwilling, or unable, to compute subjective probabilities. One of the nonstochastic approaches to uncertainty is the expectational approach in which the decision maker forms deterministic expectations about the uncertain aspects of his environment.This paper is concerned with some criteria for selecting among available expectations, or anticipations functions, and the possibility of ordering them according to these criteria. This study focuses especially on the learning criterion. The discussion brings out conceptual problems in connection with the definition of learning, as well as some technical difficulties that one encounters when attempting to compare different anticipations functions from the point of view of the learning criterion. As an illustration of the issues discussed, the paper reports on the results of some simulated decision rules. These show that decision rules in which no learning takes place, and in which some information is ignored, may perform better than more sophisticated rules.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe increased importance of the nonnormal stable Paretian distributions necessitates the development of an investment criterion which does not depend upon the mean and variance. This paper develops a criterion based upon the location and scale parameters of a probability distribution. The rationale of the criterion is established using stochastic dominance orderings of probability distributions. The paper also presents estimators for the location and scale parameters.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe author generated several residual patterns under controlled conditions in order to observe the effects of various specification errors. The results and their interpretation are presented in this article extending the work of Richards [3]. A list of conditions which affect the residual pattern resulting from the misspecifications is included.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe robustness of linear programming regression estimators is examined where the disturbance terms are normally distributed and there are observation errors in the explanatory variables. These errors are occasional gross biases between one set of observations and another. The simulation of short series data offers preliminary evidence that when these biases have a non‐zero mean, MSAE estimation is more robust than least square

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAfter a brief review of the role of dummy variables in regression analysis and the current state‐of‐the art in rounding/truncation error detection in computerized least squares programs, this paper presents a theorem that can be used to detect this type of error whenever an analyst is running a regression program that has one (or more) dummy variables as independent variab

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00658.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates portfolio revision with an emphasis on the decision of when to revise. A statistical technique based on the sequential analysis of the time series of portfolio return relatives determines when revision is to occur. The technique detects changes in the time series which are an indication that the underlying generating process of the time series has changed and that the portfolio should be, if necessary, revised. Thus, the length of the revision interval is variable and a function of the data. The statistical technique is utilized in conjunction with three portfolio revision strategies. These three revision strategies are compared to a buy and hold policy over three nonoverlapping, 12‐year investment horizons. The basis of comparison is the net terminal values which include adjustments for transaction costs and taxes. The sensitivity of the statistical technique to its parameters is also analyze

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA problem faced by any corporate risk manager, once he has decided what set of properties will be insured, is to choose among the policies offered by potential insurers. This choice usually involves negotiating with insurers over the exact premium and deductible amounts which will characterize the coverage. In this paper, the problem is modeled in terms of expected utility of different forms of coverage. The model enables a risk manager to select among available terms of coverage and, more significantly, provides guidelines for him in negotiating with the insurers to obtain the best possible terms. As an illustration, an application using real data is described.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00660.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe quantitative disciplines have focused their efforts primarily upon more complete and efficient methods for analyzing decision problems. Almost totally neglected in these efforts is the interplay between a decision technique and its ultimate user. This interface is of crucial importance to the continued success of the decision sciences in organizations. Data are presented to support the contention that decision techniques and their resultant impact on job content interact with psychological variables to cause variation in user satisfaction and performance. These results are similar to the effects hypothesized to occur at blue collar levels in organizations.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1976.tb00661.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY