摘要:

ABSTRACTSegregation of tasks is an important factor in the determination of internal control system reliability. In assigning tasks within an organization, the impact on internal control system reliability must be considered. This paper uses reliability modeling as the basis of a method for formulating the design problem. Formulation of the problem in this manner facilitates development of a knowledge base for auditors' judgments and the use of such knowledge in the design problem. It is demonstrated that under certain conditions the problem can be solved easily. This is useful not only in task assignment but also in manpower decisions. New concepts such as reliability degradation and a task combination matrix are introduced in developing the formulation.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1988.tb00250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper demonstrates how branch‐and‐bound algorithms can be modularized to obtain implementation efficiencies. For the manager, this advantage can be used to obtain faster implementation of algorithm results; for the scientist, it allows efficiencies in the construction of similar algorithms with different search and addressing structures for the purpose of testing to find a preferred algorithm. The demonstration in part is achieved by showing how the computer code of a central module of logic can be transported between different algorithms that have the same search strategy. Modularizations of three common searches (the best‐bound search and two variants of the last‐in‐first‐out search) with two addressing methods are detailed and contrasted. Using four assembly line balancing algorithms as examples, modularization is demonstrated and the search and addressing methods are contrasted. The application potential of modularization is broad and includes linear programming‐based integer programming. Benefits and disadvantages of modularization are discussed. Computational results demonstrate the viability

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1988.tb00251.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe perceptual effects of varying levels of expert advice for potentially improving on strategic decisions were examined in conjunction with goals. The amounts of advice about decision alternatives, as well as assigned goals ranging from “nearly impossible” to “easy,” were manipulated. The task used was complex and functioned perceptually as an “ill‐structured” problem. Mixed results indicated that more advice significantly affected satisfaction but advice in general had little influence on effort. On the other hand, as goal difficulty decreased, satisfaction and effort significantly increased. Easy goals were superior to more difficult ones within this perceptually ill‐structured decision

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1988.tb00252.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA new approach is proposed to evaluate new‐product opportunities. This approach uses the distribution of brand‐purchase probability of the new product over a population of potential customers and the outputs from conjoint analysis. The heterogeneous distribution of brand‐purchase probability is expressed by a beta binomial brand‐choice model compounded with a negative binomial product‐class purchase‐incidence model. The resulting model provides a way to predict trial and repeat‐purchase patterns of new‐product concepts. The paper discusses the development of the model. It also discusses issues of measurement, estimation, testing, and implementation of the proposed approach based on actual

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1988.tb00253.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper examines cognitive considerations in developing model management systems (MMSs). First, two approaches to MMS design are reviewed briefly: one based on database theory and one based on knowledge‐representation techniques. Then three major cognitive issues—human limitations, information storage and retrieval, and problem‐solving strategies—and their implications for MMS design are discussed. Evidence indicates that automatic modeling, which generates more complicated models by integrating existing models automatically, is a critical function of model management systems.In order to discuss issues pertinent to automatic modeling, a graph‐based framework for integrating models is introduced. The framework captures some aspects of the processes by which human beings develop models as route selections on a network of all possible alternatives. Based on this framework, three issues are investigated: (1) What are proper criteria for evaluating a model formulated by an MMS? (2) If more than one criterion is chosen for evaluation, how can evaluations on each of the criteria be combined to get an overall evaluation of the model? (3) When should a model be evaluated? Finally, examples are presented to illustrate various modeling s

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1988.tb00254.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTCapital budgeting under inflationary conditions presents some additional implementation problems when computing the internal rate of return. This paper reviews an earlier proposal made in this journal and concludes that it has some technical deficiencies. Further, it does not have the flexibility needed to be congruent with a wide variety of concepts of capital maintenance and asset evaluation. An algorithm is developed that will permit the user to make a variety of assumptions and then solve for the IRR that is consistent with those assumptions.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1988.tb00255.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTConstrained utility maximization underlies much consumer behavior in economics. Opportunities for solving important problems are ever present. However, most potential applications remain potential because existing software packages are not able to estimate the systems of equations necessary to identify the utility function. At least three features often conspire to make these problems intractable: the size of the system of equations that must be estimated, the lack of any theory for imposing zero restrictions on many of the parameters of the nonadditive utility functions, and the necessity to insure negative definiteness consistent with the axioms of consumer behavior. This paper develops an approach and illustrates the stepwise least squares estimator of a group of equations by application to the demand for food items.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1988.tb00256.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn the present study, we offer an alternative approach to bond portfolio management which differs from the traditional immunization approach. In doing so, we formalize what has been a common practice among some investors who form portfolios of bonds and stocks with a view to optimizing the trade‐off between risk and return. By using the general multiindex model to characterize the variance‐covariance structure of security returns, both duration theory and modern equilibrium theories of the term structure are incorporated in the analysis. In addition, a simplified selection procedure based on a single‐index model is derived. This procedure is intuitively appealing to practitioners since it selects assets on the basis of reward per unit of risk of individual a

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1988.tb00257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn integer linear programming model is presented for the scheduling ofnproducts onmidentical machines. The particular problem studied is one that occurs frequently in the fiberglass and textile industries. The model incorporates setup costs, lost production costs, and overtime costs. Due to the structure of the model, integer solutions can be obtained by explicitly restricting only a small number of the integer variables. This allows those responsible for scheduling to solve realistically sized problems in an efficient manner. Computational results are provided for a set of generated test problems.

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1988.tb00258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTMaintaining a stable master production schedule (MPS) is difficult for many firms, especially when material requirements planning is used to manage production operations. This paper is concerned with the problem of measuring MPS stability, and the impact on stability of three important decision variables in managing the MPS within a rolling‐horizon framework in a make‐to‐stock environment: the method used to freeze the MPS, the proportion of the MPS frozen, and the length of the planning horizon for the MPS. Simulation experiments conducted to determine the impact of these decision variables, as well as other important product demand and cost characteristics, on MPS stability are reported. The results indicate MPS stability can be influenced by managerial action directed toward management of the MPS as well as changes in important product cost and requirements characteri

ISSN:0011-7315    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1988.tb00259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY