摘要:

Opiate withdrawal symptom ratings by trained clinicians were compared to self-reports of withdrawal discomfort during an outpatient, blinded, randomized clinical trial of clonidine detoxification for methadone maintained subjects. The randomized comparison group of subjects were detoxified using a slow tapering of methadone over 1 month. For all 39 subjects in this study the observer and self-ratings were substantially correlated (γ=. 75), but moderate levels of disagreement also occurred and the observer ratings were often lower. The difference in actual withdrawal scores and amount of shared variance between the observer and self-ratings were used as indices of disagreement for each individual subject. We found that detoxification failures had significantly less interrater agreement than the successes and that subjects who reported more distress than the observers noted were more likely to fail at detoxification. Subjects being detoxified using clonidine were more likely to fail at detoxification. Subjects being detoxified using clonidine were more likely to demonstrate this association between failure and disagreement on self versus observed withdrawal than were the methadone group. We concluded

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998509016845

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The present study focuses on the role of deviant peers, parent child-rearing practices, and parent alcohol use in the initiation of marijuana and alcohol use during adolescence. Composite measures of Deviant Peers and Parental Monitoring were used that incorporate both the parents′and child's report of these variables as well as the parents′report of their own alcohol use and the adolescent's report of marijuana and alcohol use. Multiple regression analyses incorporating Parental Monitoring, Mother Alcohol Use, and Deviant Peers as independent variables revealed significant standardized b coefficients for Deviant Peers predicting alcohol use, and both Parental Monitoring and Deviant Peers predicting marijuana use. A profile analysis showed that delinquent drug users had lower parental monitoring and more deviant peers than nondelinquent drug users or abstainers. However, a group of youngsters were identified who reported some substance use but were not antisocial; these youngsters resembled abstainers in respect to the degree that they were monitored by parents and exposed to deviant peers. Taking these results into consideration, along with longitudinal studies on adolescent delinquency and adult alcoholism, it is hypothesized that adolescent delinquency and drug use are outcomes of disrupted family processes and exposure to deviant peers, and that adolescents who are both antisocial and use drugs may be at higher risk for eventual substance abuse.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998509016846

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A survey was conducted to determine the extent of polydrug abuse among a population of alcoholics hospitalized in a military treatment program. It was discovered that approximately 21% of patients had no drug exposure other than alcohol, and 48% revealed a history of drug use more extensive then experimentation. Results further indicate that polydrug use was greatest among this population during the Vietnam era (1963 to 1972) and again during the year preceding their referral for treatment. Finally, a significant difference in age was found when comparing non-users to users, and when comparing experimental/nonusers to all other users. This age difference places the low and nonuse groups as achieving their eighteenth birthday significantly before the mid-sixties and users afterwards, supporting the notion of a“drug accepting”versus“drug rejecting”generational difference.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998509016847

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The data on alcoholism presented in this paper were extracted from a major follow-up study of active and discharged methadone patients conducted from 1974 through 1977 in New York City. Alcoholism is a factor in 26% of the terminations from methadone treatment. It is also the leading cause of death in treatment and the second leading cause of death, following complications with opiates, in the post-treatment period. Also, patients with episodes of excessive drinking have markedly lower survival rates over a 10-year period when compared to patients who are social or moderate drinkers.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998509016848

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper reports two attempts to replicate a recent finding by Steinglass linking social-behavioral consequences of drinking with the nonalcoholic spouse's psychiatric symto-matology. Only weak support was obtained for the original findings. Discussion focused on several variables which appeared to be importantly related to the strength and generalizability of relationships under investigation.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998509016849

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper is an attempt to utilize a cybernetic paradigm for understanding addictive drinking by those individuals defined as alcoholics. Their behavior is anomalous because it is so self-destructive and concurrently often produces a dysphoria that exacerbates the experiential state that is said to be its cause. A cybernetic perspective is illustrated by a description of two social systems: alcoholics and their families, and as members of Alcoholics Anonymous. For some alcoholics, alcoholism can be perceived as the“solution”to the paradoxical psychosocial context within which they find themselves, to which their addictive drinking is an adaptive response, and Alcoholics Anonymous a better“solution.”

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998509016850

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The present study related patterns of alcohol-related cognitive deficits to the adjustment of the alcoholic at 2-year posttreatment follow-up. Patterns of cognitive control, based on the extent to which the individual utilized information concerning contemplated action (i.e., internal scanning), were studied within a sample of 42 male alcoholics shortly after the beginning of treatment. Adjustment scores at 2-year follow-up were determined by the subject's level of functioning in a variety of life-functioning domains (based on phone interviews with subjects and collateral sources). More effective internal scanning proved to be predictive of better adjustment 2 years following the assessment. In addition, alcoholics less aware of internal cues, defined as narrow internal scanners, more often reported drinking to reduce tension than did broad scanning alcoholics. The narrow internal scanning alcoholics also were slower learners at an electromyographic biofeedback training task than were the broad internal scanning alcoholics. These findings are interpreted in the context of a cognitive typology of alcoholism based on relative skills/ deficits in internal cue processing. Factors relating to differential responsivity to treatment are discussed, and concomitant implications for treatment are noted.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998509016851

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

There is presently in wide use throughout the United States an assumption that alcohol treatment programs should be geared toward handling 20% of the alcohol problem prevalence population. This 20% figure has become so widely accepted that it is now almost axiomatic. The most frequently offered reason for its use is that“many other states use it.”The present discussion raises questions about the foundations upon which the 20% assumption is based. It then describes recent efforts to seek solutions to these and related questions.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998509016852

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Performance scores on the portable Rod and Frame Test were not different for eight pairs of young men with and without an alcoholic close relative. Retesting both groups following placebo, 0.75, or 1.1 mL/kg of ethanol also revealed no significant group differences on this measure.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998509016853

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effect of military service in Vietnam on drug use among veterans is examined on the basis of data obtained from a nationwide random sample of 2,510 young men. It is generally believed that illicit drug use was more extensive in Vietnam in the 1970s than in earlier years of the conflict. Therefore variables were constructed to reflect location of service (United States; overseas, but not Vietnam; and Vietnam) and the time of service (before 1970; 1970 or later). The results of the analysis indicate that: (1) military service in Vietnam had no significant effect on marijuana use while on active duty, (2) service in 1970 or later had a significant positive effect on during service use while in the service, and (3) location of military service and time of service had a signficant interactive effect on rates of marijuana use after discharge from military service. The interaction of service in Vietnam and military service after 1970 has the strongest effect on the veteran's marijuana use in civilian life.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998509016854

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor