摘要:

The present study examines the relationship between (a) social, cognitive, and behavioral skills; (b) self-reported intentions to use drugs and alcohol following treatment; and (c) later drug and alcohol use for a sample of 130 adolescents. Social, problem solving, self-control, and drug and alcohol avoidance skills were significantly related to marijuana use, variety and severity of drug use, and to the number of drug-free months for female subjects at 12-month follow-up. These skills did not have a statistically significant direct effect on any measured drug outcomes for males. However, skills did lower male subjects' intentions to use drugs or alcohol. Decreased intentions to use, in turn, were associated with less drug and alcohol use, suggesting an indirect relationship between skills and reductions in drug and alcohol use among males at 12-month follow-up. Implications for the treatment of adolescents who engage in drug and alcohol use are discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999309002662

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The impact of length of stay in drug abuse treatment on follow-up drug use and criminal behavior has important clinical and policy implications. In this paper we use longitudinal data from the Treatment Outcome Prospective Study to estimate the simultaneous effects of time in treatment and employment outcomes–weeks worked and total earnings–on post-treatment drug use and criminal activity. The drug use/criminal activity variables include four indexes measuring the severity of use, drug-related problems, predatory illegal acts, and overall criminal behavior. The results show that time in treatment had a negative and statistically significant impact on these outcome variables for every modality with residential clients experiencing the largest relative impact. The time-in-treatment effect was robust even when employment outcomes were modeled jointly with drug use and criminal activity outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of length of stay in treatment in the recovery and rehabilitation of drug abusers.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999309002663

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper focuses on implementation problems in randomized trials of outpatient psychosocial treatments for drug abusers. The authors examined these problems in nine clinical trial studies and drew on published literature and their own research experiences. Common problems faced by principal investigators include the need for midstream treatment protocol and research design modifications based on the response of both clients and clinical staff, tension between research and clinical requirements, and the need to administer a large, complex organization over a substantial period of time. Solutions include conducting a pilot study, employing advanced research and analysis methods that can incorporate complex design variations, fostering a team spirit between diverse staffs, and employing special management structures.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999309002664

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Twenty-four long-term substance abusers were told that addiction is an attempt to adapt to an insufficiency in natural neurochemicals that contribute to a sense of well-being; this insufficiency is experienced as a craving for abuse substances which mimic the missing anxiolytic and euphorigenic neurochemicals. They were also told that they could satisfy their cravings immediately and completely without taking abuse substances by intentionally restoring adequate levels of the depleted neurochemicals. To perform this self-regulation, they were taught a specific psychological technique that united reason and emotion in an unambivalent order to the brain. Nineteen abusers (79%) were able to use the procedure to relieve all substance cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Their remissions have lasted 41 to 66 months to date (July 1991). A replication of the findings reinforces the desirability of further studies of the treatment's effectiveness and mechanisms.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999309002665

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The aims of this study were to: (a) assess the effects of various patterns of exposure to methadone programs on heroin use; (b) assess the effects of other patient, program, and treatment variables; and (c) identify variables that promote the type of exposure to methadone programs that is most effective for reducing heroin use. The sample was 526 patients who were admitted from 1979 to 1981 into 17 methadone programs that participated in the Treatment Outcome Prospective Study. The study differs from previous research in that it addresses the time that patients spent in methadone programs during the follow-up period in defining exposure patterns. Heroin use was lowest among patients who were continuously exposed to methadone programs. Retention was highest among patients who attended programs that informed them of their methadone dose levels, were easy to access, and provided them with high quality social services.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999309002666

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The coexistence of psychiatric and substance abuse problems within the same patient occurs with significant frequency. These patients present serious challenges to a health care system which has traditionally treated mental health and substance abuse in separate venues, with differing and sometimes contradictory treatment modalities. Few studies exist on the treatment of the“dual diagnosis”patient utilizing an integrated approach, where both problems are addressed by the same staff on a single inpatient ward. We describe such a program in which dual diagnosis patients on one ward are separated into two different treatment tracks based upon the severity of their psychiatric illness. Follow-up measures at 3 months after discharge are compared for patients from each treatment track, with no significant difference found for the five outcome variables studied. This suggests that chronically mentally ill inpatients may benefit from integration of attention to their substance abuse problems with psychiatric treatment.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999309002667

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Analyses examined whether addicts reporting themselves coerced into drug abuse treatment by actions of the criminal justice system differed from voluntary admissions in their response to treatment, and whether such responsiveness varied across gender or ethnicity. Six hundred eighteen methadone maintenance clients admitted to programs in six southern California counties were categorized into high, moderate, and low legal coercion levels. Multivariate analysis of variance procedures for repeated measures (before, during, and after initial treatment episode) were used to test relevant hypotheses. Dependent variables included criminal justice system contact, criminal activities, drug and alcohol involvement, and measures of social functioning. Few differences within any measured domain were found among the three groups. All groups were similar in showing substantial improvement in levels of narcotics use, criminal activities, and most other behaviors during treatment with some regression in these behaviors posttreatment. Results support legal coercion as a valid motivation for treatment entry; those coerced into treatment respond in ways similar to voluntary admissions regardless of gender or ethnicity.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999309002668

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Intravenous drug use, which has been recognized as the second most common risk behavior associated with AIDS, was studied among methadone outpatients who were enrolled in a methadone program at a hospital-based clinic in New York City. Intercorrelations among the following variables were observed: sociodemographic, psychological, drug use patterns, and criminal history. Then a stepwise discriminant analysis was employed to examine factors differentiating the high risk clients from the lower risk clients in terms of needle use/sharing in the 30 days prior to the interview. The subjects (N= 152) were heterosexual (95%), non-White (63%), had no more than 12 years of education (72%), were not full-time employed (65%), and had been arrested at least once (79%). The median age at the time of entering the methadone treatment was 33 and the median length of stay in the treatment was 17.5 months (mean = 44.7 months), with an average 52 mg of methadone dosage. Results indicated that risk behavior in terms of current needle use/sharing occurred in about 16% of a sample of clients in the methadone maintenance. A shorter length of stay in treatment was the strongest predictor of high risk, followed by early arrest history, ethnicity, depression, and employment status.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999309002669

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The family has increasingly been recognized as an important component in the development, maintenance, and treatment of alcoholism. Few empirical studies, however, have examined alcoholism within a family context. Questionnaire and interview data were collected from women whose husbands received inpatient treatment for alcoholism. Since wives now typically work outside the home, this article focuses on the 60 employed wives. Employment was examined as a source of stress as well as social support. The majority of working wives reported minimal negative impact of their husbands' drinking on all areas of their work functioning, with a small subset indicating impairment attributable to the drinking. These wives were very satisfied with their current positions and described work as a positive experience. However, unobtrusive measures that alcoholism in a family member intrudes into the workplace were apparent, including changing jobs, absenteeism, and discussing husbands' drinking at work. Further, these women scored closer to a sample of depressed women than a community sample on measures of physical and mental health, depressed mood, and smoking symptoms. Possible reasons for the discrepancy between subjective reports and objective indicators are discussed.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999309002670

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999309002671

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor