摘要:

This study sought to assess the efficacy of treatment for cocaine abuse and to compare the relative effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention treatment with that of a Twelve-Step recovery support group in an outpatient group treatment setting. One hundred ten subjects seeking treatment were alternately assigned to relapse prevention or Twelve-Step treatment. Self-report data were collected at baseline, posttreatment, and 6-month follow-up. There were no differentia] effects of treatment type on cocaine or marijuana use over time. However, subjects in both treatment conditions reduced cocaine and marijuana use at post-treatment. Subjects in both groups reduced their alcohol use from pretreatment to posttreatment. Subjects receiving Twelve-Step treatment showed greater increases from posttreatment to 6-month follow-up in alcohol use than did relapse prevention participants. Treatment attendance was negatively related to cocaine use at posttreatment and cocaine and marijuana use at 6-month follow-up. Difficulties in conducting cocaine treatment outcome research are discussed as are treatment and research implications of the findings.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999409084053

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

One hundred and twenty inmates enrolled in a comprehensive residential drug treatment program were administered the Drug Lifestyle Screening Interview (DLSI), a structured interview designed to assess the four behavioral characteristics of lifestyle drug abuse: i.e., irrespon-sibility/pseudoresponsibility, stress-coping imbalance, interpersonal triviality, and social rule breaking/bending. Subjects reporting a high volume of prior substance misuse (moderate to severe abuse of at least three different substances or severe abuse of one substance other than marijuana) recorded significantly higher scores on each of the four behavioral dimensions of lifestyle drug abuse than subjects possessing a lower volume of prior substance misuse. Furthermore, a score of 10 or higher on the DLSI cumulative index classified 76.7% of the high volume users but only 37.2% of the low volume users as lifestyle drug abusers for an overall hit rate of 71.7%.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999409084054

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During identical 2-month periods in 1989 and 1991, all applicants for employment at a major teaching hospital participated in preemployment drug screening. In 1989, before establishment of a formal preemployment testing program, screening was conducted without identifying information. Of 593 applicants screened, 64 (10.8%) were confirmed positive for one or more drugs. Marijuana metabolites were detected with the greatest frequency (35 samples, 55% of positive screens), followed by cocaine (36%), then opiates (28%). In 1991, after a formal preemployment testing program was in place, 365 applicants were screened, and 21 (5.8%) were confirmed positive. Opiates were most often detected (48% of positive screens), followed by cocaine (38%), then marijuana metabolites (28%). During both periods, positive urine screens were associated with ethnicity (non-White) and occupational category (blue-collar). Whereas in 1989 positive screens were associated with male gender, in 1991, females were more likely to test positive. The decline in prevalence following implementation of a screening program supports the notion that preemployment testing can serve as a deterrent for drug-using persons in applying for employment.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999409084055

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The present study was conducted to identify predictors of cocaine abstinence during outpatient behavioral treatment for cocaine dependence. Subjects were 52 cocaine-dependent adults. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify predictors of abstinence during a 12-week treatment program. Demographic, drug use, and other subject characteristics were examined. The single best predictor of cocaine abstinence was whether a significant other participated in treatment. The odds of achieving a criterion level of cocaine abstinence were approximately 20 times greater for subjects who had a significant other participate in treatment. Importantly, significant others participated in a structured form of relationship counseling and behavioral contracting that is well specified and can be readily tested in a prospective, randomized trial. Considering the pressing need for the development of effective treatments for cocaine dependence, such a trial merits consideration.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999409084056

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The current research was designed to assess the effectiveness of one nationally prominent and highly publicized driving while intoxicated (DWT) prevention program for youth, Students Against Driving Drunk (S.A.D.D.). Process and outcome data were collected over a 2-year period in two states-California and New Mexico. In each state, one treatment school which implemented S.A.D.D. was compared to a closely matched comparison school on a variety of DWI-related measures over three waves of survey data collection. Process data indicated that in neither school was the entire S.A.D.D. model implemented. Student participation was moderate in the California school and marginal in the New Mexico school. There was also little evidence that S.A.D.D. stimulated increased curriculum attention to DW1 issues.Outcome data provided no evidence for effects of S.A.D.D. on any of the DWI measures. General maturational trends in these variables were observed in the study cohorts, but these trends were not differentiated between the treatment and comparison schools. There was also no support for the concern that S.A.D.D. may stimulate student drinking by encouraging alternative means of transportation for intoxicated students.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999409084057

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A retrospective review of alcohol withdrawal seizures was performed at a private chemical-dependence treatment facility to help identify patients who were at high risk for having a seizure. Patients were identified by two means: controlled substance records were reviewed to determine patients having received intramuscular phenobarbital, and patient charts were reviewed for all patients with a discharge diagnosis of a seizure disorder. Two thousand and one patient records were reviewed; alcohol withdrawal seizure patients were identified. Twenty-eight randomly selected nonseizure patient records served as controls. The statistical test consisted of a discriminant function analysis. The data yielded a statistically significant predictive model for alcohol withdrawal seizures based on six interdependent patient variables which will be helpful in treating future patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999409084058

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper discusses efforts to retain resistant subjects(N= 88) in a prospective research project which investigates the effects of prenatal substance use on pregnancy and infant outcome. Resistant subjects were women for whom we had valid addresses and/or phone numbers. They did not refuse to participate but were reluctant to schedule appointments and/or keep scheduled appointments. The persistent resistance we encountered led us to develop procedures which established and maintained rapport with resistant respondents and facilitated access to the 18-month assessment. No significant differences were found between the resistant participants and nonresistant subjects on six sociodemographic factors and on substance use.However, resistant subjects were significantly more depressed than nonresistant subjects. Anxiety and hostility did not differ at any time point. Resistant subjects who were finally interviewed, reported a significantly higher number of recent life events than nonresistant subjects at the 18-month postpartum interview. The follow-up rates for retaining the 88 resistant subjects were 44.3, 72.7, and 79.6% at Phases 4, 5, and 6, respectively.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999409084059

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The objectives of this study were to investigate HIV-1 seroprevalence and risk factors, disease progression, and awareness of HIV-1 serostatus in a population of inner city, substance using, psychiatric inpatients. To pursue these goals, we tested 118 (103 M, 15 F) dually diagnosed, acute care inpatients for HIV-1 antibodies and administered structured interviews. Twenty-seven (23%, including 24 M and 3 F) of the subjects were HIV-1 seropositive. Seropositivity was twice as great among intravenous drug users and men who had sex with other men as among patients not belonging to either of these two groups. Logistic regression analysis among male subjects revealed a significantly elevated HIV-1 risk associated with a primary diagnosis of depression (odds ratio adjusted for age, race, and presence of an AIDS risk behavior = 4.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.1, 16.5;p= 0.04). Less than half of the seropositives knew their HIV-1 status prior to this study, one had AIDS and four had two or more constitutional symptoms of AIDS. The high rate of seropositivity in this indigent, dually diagnosed population presents challenges to the health-care community. That few individuals had HIV-1 related symptoms may have implications for other treatment settings.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999409084060

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Thirty-seven male alcoholics admitted electively for detoxification were randomized to treatment with either diazepam or propranolol. Subjects were comparable both in age and in duration and quantity of alcohol consumed. Admission laboratory parameters did not distinguish between the groups. Eleven subjects required no medication to control withdrawal signs/symptoms. Both groups showed improvement in blood pressure, pulse, and withdrawal tremor. None of the subjects randomized to diazepam manifested withdrawal seizures or hallucinations. By contrast, one subject in the propranolol group had a single withdrawal seizure. Another subject manifested increasing withdrawal that required parenteral paraldehyde treatment. Thus, this study confirms that a significant number of subjects admitted electively for alcohol withdrawal can be managed without medication. Minor tranquilizers still remain the“gold standard”for management of the withdrawal syndrome.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999409084061

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952999409084062

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor