摘要:

Case studies describe a new type of addicted health professional whose opiate abuse originated recreationally. Historically, health professionals have had high rates of opiate addiction, usually viewed as an occupational hazard stemming from access and from self-treatment for pain or stresses of the medical profession. Partly because addiction in health professionals was almost always therapeutic (iatrogenic) or quasi-therapeutic (stress-related), it affected them less severely than it affected heroin addicts, whose drug abuse usually began recreationally. Now, however, because recreational drug abuse has become commonplace at American colleges since the mid-1960s, a majority of young health professionals have histories of abusing drugs and some are becoming non-therapeutically addicted. Six case studies describe this new addict type, showing how the subjects went from heavy soft drug use to opiate addiction, experienced severe long-term effects, were treated by society, and responded to treatment.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998409002652

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Publications relating to outcome of physicians treated for substance abuse were obtained from a computerized literature search and a review of Cumulated Index Medicus for the years 1950–1982. The studies were reviewed regarding such factors as study location, sample size, presence of control groups, treatment modalities and setting, treatment duration, follow-up duration, method of determining outcome, and treatment outcome. Variations in these factors make comparisons of the studies difficult. Shortcomings in the methods of determining outcome raise questions concerning reliability of the data. Suggestions are made for further research for the assessment of treatment and outcome of substance-abusing physicians.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998409002653

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Female addicts are typically treated as one group with similar needs and experiences. This is particularly true for Black female addicts. This study of Black men and women entering an inner-city methadone maintenance treatment program attempts to delineate (1) how Black women differ from Black men in their heroin-using careers and (2) differences among Black women in their integration of drug use and lifestyle. Findings show men and women do develop different patterns of criminal activity, drug use, family ties, and labor force participation. Further analysis using multiple discriminant techniques indicates that Black female addicts are not one homogeneous group. Conclusions based on these findings suggest that sex role expectations may structure heroin use. Other social locators such as age may also delimit available career paths, lending further support to the theoretical framework employed here.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998409002654

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article attempts to chatacterize the physician addict and to challenge the usual sociological or psychological explanations of differences and similarities among addicts. Using available data on Quebec physicians, two types of physician addicts aie described according to the“two diseases model.”In its first form the disease is characterized by the search of euphoria, and as such is considered to be highly contagious and pernicious, while the other is rarely contagious and relatively less pernicious.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998409002655

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Chicano heroin addict or“tecato”belongs to a subculture that profoundly influences addict behavior and personality. Life-history interviews with a subsample of 18 Southern California ex-tecatos who were abstinent from 2.3 to 24.5 years revealed that tecatos employ the metaphor of an indestructable junkie worm or“tecato gusano”living in their vicera to explain heroin relapse, and abstinence in a manner essentially consistent with learning theories of opioid addiction. The study showed that ex-tecatos use a variety of coping mechanisms for maintaining abstinence and for avoiding“dangerous situations”which could trigger heroin craving and relapse. The research also revealed that being an ex-tecato does not necessarily imply living a crime free or nondeviant lifestyle, and that the process of working out of addiction involves two complementary social adjustment processes termed (a) extrication (from the tecato subculture) and (b) accommodation (to square society). Suggestions for utilizing these findings for treatment intervention purposes are offered.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998409002656

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The present research was conducted to examine the effects of pretreatment psychiatric status and tieatment duration on improvement following drug abuse rehabilitation. Percent improvement from admission to 6-month follow-up was measured on three criteria: drug use, employment, and criminality. Analyses of the total samples in both the Therapeutic Community (TC) and Methadone Maintenance (MM) programs indicated some quantitative differences between the two modalities but all measures showed a strong and positive relation between treatment duration and percent improvement. When patients in the two program samples were divided, on the basis of admission psychiatric status, into LOW,MID, and HIGH severity groups, different findings emerged. LOW severity patients in both programs showed the greatest absolute levels of improvement in most measures, more improvement at shorter treatment durations, and less additional improvement at longer treatment durations. MID severity patients in both programs showed the most dramatic effects of treatment duration, with generally large improvements in all criteria at greater treatment lengths. Qualitatively different results were seen between the treatment programs for

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998409002657

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Drug-Free Therapeutic Community (TC) and Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) modalities provide environmental conditions that are particularly well suited for examining addict personality characteristics suggested as important to the treatment of addiction. This study examines 174 addicts of two programs to determine how their relatedness to others varies with a self-selected treatment modality. Results indicate a generally low relatedness to others for the sample of addicts studied based on measures of the enduring trait associated with dependency on others and the more situational characteristic of interpersonal behavior. The MMT subsample showed greater social dependency in terms of the more enduring personality trait while the TC subsample was more interpersonally oriented based on the situational context. The absence of a relationship between the two measures suggests that there is a self-selection of treatment types which may serve to compensate for trait-related deficiencies or liabilities in addicts, and that the techniques employed by the approaches interact with these personality attributes that are probably accrued in the midst of learning how to cope with troubled familial settings and life as an addict.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998409002658

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Personal effects drinkers seem more likely than nonpersonal effects drinkers to benefit from an alcoholism treatment program emphasizing abstinence and self-actualization.Why people drink alcoholic beverages has long fascinated students of human behavior. While social scientists have paid very little attention to the motivational factors involved in most of the typical activities of people, drinking, while rather typical itself, has usually been viewed as an activity requiring some sort of motivational understanding. More often than not, it is presupposed that there is usually something better or more useful for people to be doing than drinking. Therefore, in order to understand the phenomenon of drinking, it is believed that we must account for the motivational factors involved. While much of what people ordinarily do is not open to question, why people drink alcoholic beverages appears to be unquestionably questionable.

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998409002659

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998409002660

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0095-2990    

DOI:10.3109/00952998409002661

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor