摘要:

Both glacial and periglacial environments were intensively investigated in the Tröllaskagi area of Northern Iceland, in order to make basic comparisons with the results of research on Alpine climatic history. The recent glaciers of the area (with a snowline at 960–990 m above sea level) were already independent of the large ice caps of Central and Southern Iceland by the late‐glacial period. The amount of lowering of the equilibrium line (by 70 to 440 m) during four glacial stadials is equivalent to that during the late‐glacial advances in the Alps. Thus far these results cannot be connected with the two well‐known late‐glacial advances in Iceland (Álftanes and Búdi‐Hólkot). From an analysis of the morphology and vegetation the pro‐glacial areas can be sharply outlined.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377267

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The article presents an overview of the organizational evolution of the science of arctic hydrography in the Soviet Union from the time of the Second International Polar Year (1932–33) down to the present. Major achievements in the development of specialized position‐finding and other equipment are highlighted and major scientific results are briefly reviewed.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377268

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Throughout the Pleistocene a system of two major ice divides operated in Fennoscandia: a northern one (with a western center of glaciation) and a southern one (with an eastern center of glaciation). With relatively thin ice the northern ice divide and the western center of glaciation were operative; with relatively thick ice the southern ice divide and the eastern center of glaciation came into play. The pattern of isostatic depression of the crust and of subsequent isostatic rebound varied depending on where the center of glaciation was located; inevitably, too, the areas of marine transgression also varied depending on the same controls. The article briefly examines the glacial history of Northeastern Europe from the Dnepr glaciation to the present day, focusing on the shifts in the positions of the ice divides and centers of glaciation, the patterns of isostatic depression and rebound, and the patterns of marine transgression over time.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377269

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Data on oxygen‐isotope composition of ice, together with the results of structural and textural analyses allow one to identify the genesis of ice bodies. Of all the types of underground ice in a particular region, ice of glacier origin has the lightest isotope composition. The paper presents the results of oxygen isotope analysis of samples taken from two cores extracted from different parts of a massive ground ice body, Ledyanaya Gora, located on the banks of the Yenisey River near the Arctic Circle. Comparison of these data with δ δ18values from surface waters and ground ice in the Yenisey North and from present‐day glaciers on Severnaya Zemlya, indicates that the isotope composition of the ice of the Ledyanaya Gora differs from all these other types of H2O from the area, with the greatest negative values; it is comparable only to the isotope composition of present winter precipitation on Severnaya Zemlya. It is concluded that the oxygen isotope method is very promising in terms of investigating ground ice bodies.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377270

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In order to study the stratification an ice core 208 m in length was extracted from the Vestfonna Ice Dome, Nordaustlandet; samples were taken in order to measure total ß‐activity and Cl−concentrations. Comparison with the ß‐activity profile with90Sr concentrations in atmospheric precipitation made it possible to identify the 1962 accumulation layer at a depth of 24 m. Mean annual accumulation for the period 1962–1981 was determined to be 88 cm of ice. Variations in Cl”; concentration made it possible to distinguish seasonal layers at different depths. Computed and measured thicknesses of the annual layers are in good agreement, which demonstrates that the accumulation rate has been fairly constant for the past 500–600 years.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377271

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The authors have developed a system of prediction of destructive cryogenic phenomena, i.e., of depth of thaw associated with development of a permafrost area. It is based on computer calculations using data on air temperatures, depth and nature of snow cover, type and thermal properties of the vegetation cover and the composition and properties of the materials of the active layer. To demonstrate the applicability they present a map of the northern part of Western Siberia showing ice content of the upper layers of the permafrost profile and isolines of thaw to a depth of 1 m in sands and loams which can be expected from different degrees of surface disruption.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377272

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

With a view to planning optimal utilization of the Antarctic krill resource, the author has identified within the total range ofEuphausia superbaa belt of accessible krill distribution, zones and subzones of concentrated occurrence and finally localized regions of high krill concentration. Each of these areal units is defined on the basis of oceanographic or geographical parameters. The regions, numbering 22 in all, may be subdivided into those near islands, those near the continental coast, frontal regions and those over sea‐bed rises.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377273

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The author suggests a classification of slopes in the Torngat Mountains (Northern Labrador) based on structural characteristics. The roles played by time and by topoclimatic factors in the evolution and postglacial dynamics of slopes appeartobe secondary. This is probably due to the great variations in lithology in this part of the Canadian Shield.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377274

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377275

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377266

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor