摘要:

In the summer of 1883 Franz Boas travelled from Germany to Cumberland Sound, Baffin Island, aboard the sailing vesselGermaniawhose main objective was to evacuate the personnel of the German station of the First International Polar Year from Kingua Fiord. Boas planned to spend a year as a participatory observer, living and travelling with and studying the Inuit of this part of Baffin Island. This detailed study summarizes and evaluates Boas’ preparations, his fieldwork, and the subsequent period of data analysis and evaluation. The fieldwork may be divided into two phases: Over the winter of 1883–1884 Boas confined himself to Cumberland Sound and during this phase he was considerably dependent on the American and Scottish whalers wintering at Kekerten. During the second phase, in the spring and summer of 1884, Boas crossed the Cumberland Peninsula and visited numerous Inuit communities along the Davis Strait coast; during this period he was much more dependent on his own resources. Relying especially on Boas’ relatively little‐known articles inBerliner Tageblattthe author assesses Boas’ interaction with the Inuit, particularly his changing attitudes, and evaluates the geographical and ethnographical data that he collected. The description of Boas’ subsequent period of analysis and evaluation summarizes all the articles and publications that Boas published on aspects of his work with the Inuit on the basis of this, his only visit to the Arctic; the last of these publications appeared as late as 1927.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889379309377502

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Archeological excavations were carried out in 1989–1990 on a Mesolithic hunting camp on Zhokhova Island in the De Long Archipelago (north of the New Siberian Islands). Samples of wood and bone from the culture layer indicate an age between 7450 and 8200 years B.P. At that time, due to glacial lowering of sea level, Zhokhova Island was substantially larger than at present and may still have been joined to the Asiatic mainland. The main species harvested by the hunters (on the basis of the numbers of bone remains) was reindeer (49.7%) but a remarkable number of polar bears was also being taken (43.8% of bones). Bones from a canine intermediate in size between a wolf and a fox have been identified as those of a dog, and the finding of a well‐made sledge runner suggests that dogs were being used as draft animals.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889379309377503

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Canadian Federal Government is at present debating the creation of a Nunavut Territory that will occupy over 2 million km2(now part of the Northwest Territories), i.e., about one quarter of the land area of Canada, and will have its own territorial government. Nunavut will lie entirely north of the treeline and will have a population (based on the latest figures) of 22,000 people. The bulk of this population (84%) is Inuit and hence this will in effect be an ethno‐territorial administrative unit. It is planned that implementation of the provisions of the Nunavut Act will be completed by 1999. This article summarizes the negotiations that have led up to the achievement of Nunavut, and the author suggests that Russian authorities should be preparing to collaborate with the new government of Nunavut on matters of common interest, rather than with the governments of Canada or of the Northwest Territories as at present.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889379309377504

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The major focus of the article is the potentially disastrous impacts of oil spills in the Arctic, and especially offshore, due to the presence of sea ice and the severe climatic conditions, on the basis of North American research and experience. The relative proportion of spills resulting from the various components of the extraction and transport processes is summarized. The efficacy of clean‐up techniques and equipment is evaluated.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889379309377505

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The impact of Antarctica on the global environment is extremely farreaching, whether in terms of energy exchange through the atmosphere and oceans, its role in the hydrologic cycle, or its influence on the biota of the Southern Ocean. In terms of its ecology, the continent is quite unique. Perhaps the most crucial aspect of the environment of this all‐important continent is the delicate equilibrium existing between the flora, fauna, and the physical environment, an equilibrium which is extremely vulnerable to uncontrolled exploitation. Starting with the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in December 1959, the authors trace the sequence of measures taken by the international community to safeguard the delicately balanced antarctic environment. They conclude that the signing of the Protocol on the Protection of the Environment in Madrid in 1991, which established a 50‐year moratorium on mineral exploration or development, has made Antarctica the largest nature reserve in the world.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889379309377506

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889379309377501

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor