摘要:

In introducing the translated Russian article which follows, the author provides background information on the Soviet “Orbital Space Station Earth Observations Project,”; comparing it with the American “Space Shuttle Earth Observations Project.”; He also provides details on the cameras used by the Soviet cosmonauts, comparing them with American models. One of the major foci of the Soviet program is the monitoring of glaciers on a global basis, one area where it has made a significant contribution being the ice caps of the Southern Andes. In conclusion the author surveys planned initiatives by both the Soviet Union and the United States in the area of remote sensing of the world's glaciers.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378709377307

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The first results of glaciological research carried out from the orbital space station Salyut‐6 are discussed. The studies included visual observations by cosmonauts and post‐mission analysis of photographs of snow cover and glaciers. The glacierized Pamir Mountains were used as an experimental area. Cosmonauts on the Salyut‐6 examined the area with regard to the amount of snow cover on the ground; observations permitted the forecasting of glacier surges and also revealed evidence of past advances. The observations also showed runoff from glacier‐dammed lakes. The studies of glacier dynamics on the Northern and Southern Patagonian Plateau, South America, showed abrupt changes in the termini of the O'Higgins, Moreno and Braggen glaciers. This pronounced activity is induced by the great glacial energy of Patagonia and by the interaction of floating glacier termini with water.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378709377308

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The article presents preliminary results of glaciological studies carried out by an expedition of the Institute of Geography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1984–85 on Austfonna (Nordaustlandet, Svalbard). In order to determine the present regime and the hydrothermal state of the glacier and in order to reconstruct glacioclimatic conditions in the past, the following investigations were conducted: radio echo sounding of ice thickness; thermal drilling of the glacier in the ice divide area to a depth of 204 m; studies of the stratigraphy, structure, physico‐mechanical properties, and isotope and chemical composition of the ice both from a deep drillhole and from the snow‐firn layer; and meteorological observations on the glacier during the field season. It was established that the ice in the ice divide area of Austfonna is 550–570 m thick. Along a profile several kilometers in length temperature variations from 0° to ‐3°C were detected at the lower boundary of the active layer, together with local accumulations of water in firn layers.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378709377309

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Changes in glacioclimatic conditions on Spitsbergen during the Upper Holocene are described on the basis of a combined analysis of the botanical, mineral and spore‐and‐pollen composition and of the absolute dates of two fossil peat deposits in Adventdalen and Linnedalen. Three climatic phases may be distinguished during the Subboreal period: a cool phase followed by a warmer phase and then by a further cool phase; during the first half of the Subatlantic period one may identify a warming with greater precipitation. The cool phases of the Subboreal period coincide with radiocarbon datings of glacier advance stages on the archipelago, namely the Passdalen at about 4500 years B.P. and the Gronfjorden stage at about 3000–2500 years B.P.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378709377310

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Rates of accumulation at the height of the late‐Pleistocene equilibrium line in the mountains of the eastern USSR were determined on the basis of paleoglaciological maps compiled for theWorld Atlas of Snow and Ice Resources.The technique developed by Krenke for calculating accumulation rates was applied; the relevant calculations were made on the assumption that the late‐Pleistocene drop in mean summer temperature was of the order of 7°C. The results are presented in two maps which show that rates of annual accumulation on the windward sides of Siberian mountains were as high as 600–800 mm, thus considerably exceeding all previous estimates. The pattern of isolines and especially the spacing of lobate protrusions and the trends of gradients would suggest that three glacioclimatic provinces existed in the eastern USSR during the glacial periods, namely the Atlantic, Pacific and Beringian provinces.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378709377311

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The author proposes a new method for calculating the volume of pressure ridges, based on determining the surplus mass of ice resulting from ice drift movements. On this basis a new assessment of the ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has been attempted, taking the volume of pressure ice into account. The results reveal considerable spatial variations in the total volume of ice and in the percentage share of pressure ice, both in time and space.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378709377312

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The article analyzes possible routes for the transport of atmospheric pollutants into the Arctic. They derive from both local and external sources and accumulate in the snow and ice which can thus be used as natural indicators of the degree of atmospheric pollution and its distribution. Monitoring points for taking samples for pollution studies, located both in polluted areas and pollution‐free areas are proposed. Some areas of the Kola Peninsula and the southern part of the Taymyr Peninsula are identified as polluted regions and Baydaratskaya Gulf and the Kolyma and Indigirka areas as relatively unpolluted regions.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378709377313

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378709377314

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378709377306

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor