摘要:

Our understanding of ocean‐ice‐atmosphere interactions in the Arctic on synoptic to interannual time scales is improving steadily through the use of observations from satellite remote sensing (visible, IR, and passive microwave), submarine sonar, airborne lidar, and drifting buoys. Effects on the summer ice conditions of the snow melt regime on sea ice and of synoptic‐scale circulation variability forcing variations in ice concentration are described. The characteristics of winter leads and their atmospheric associations also are discussed. The possible causes of fluctuations in ice export and their significance for North Atlantic salinity anomalies are examined. The findings are discussed within the overall context of the importance of polar ice and climate studies for analysis and detection of global climate change.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889379409377527

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Assemblages of drumlins, crag‐and‐tail features, giant glacial grooves, and megaflutes—collectively termed “drumlin fields"—are described along the southwestern shorelines of the Kara Sea, i.e., southernmost Novaya Zemlya, Vaygach Island, the Yugorskiy Peninsula, and the Pay‐Khoy ridge. All these landforms were formed during one of the latest stages in glaciation in the Eurasian Arctic, radiocarbon dated at about 8.5 thousand years ago. At that late stage, the ice kept spreading out of the Kara Sea center, which is strongly suggested by the NE‐SW orientation of the landforms. This is consistent with the model of a continuous marine Eurasian ice sheet and contradicts the concepts of “restricted” and “diachronous” glaciation. The Kara center of glaciation turns out to be one of the most stable and long‐lived features of the Northern Hemisphere's glaciation.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889379409377528

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Bedrock outcrops of anhydrite in the Alebastrovyye [Alabaster] Islands have been subjected to very intensive gypsification, and the rigorous climatic conditions of the Arctic do not seem to have hindered this process seriously. The products of weathering are almost completely preserved in place in the form of a “gypsum cap,” which is not achieved even in regions with an arid climate. Under deep‐seated conditions the gypsum‐anhydrite transformation usually is metasomatic, with removal of some of the calcium sulfate. The unique landscape formed on the sulfate rocks is described for the first time.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889379409377529

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The present‐day periglacial zones of the polar regions in both hemispheres have many features in common, caused by the peculiarities of climate, glaciological and geocryological processes, and the geomorphology of the periglacial regions. On the other hand, there exist essential differences in the general appearance of the periglacial zones in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, related mainly to particular features of continental glaciation. An analysis of the literature and of data from the author's field observations have allowed him to reach some conclusions as to the major features of the geocryology of the polar regions: the thickness, distribution, temperature, and cryogenic structure of the permafrost and of seasonally frozen materials and the ground ice and cryogenic relief of these areas. This, in turn, made it possible to identify a geocryological zonation of the polar regions and to advance a new concept as to the present‐day periglacial zone.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889379409377530

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Using a blend of rawinsonde ascents from fixed stations, ships, and Russian drifting ice stations, a gridded climatological monthly‐mean data base of Arctic water vapor characteristics is assembled that is suitable for use as input and validation data for simulations of Arctic climate from general circulation models. Preparation of the data base is described and examples of selected data fields are presented.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889379409377531

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The article describes the current situation with regard to the main regions of theEuphausia superbafishery, as well as seasonal variations in the fishery. The total annual catch (for all fishing countries), now totalling 300,000 metric tons, does not influence recruitment of the krill, nor does it have an impact on the feeding requirements of krill consumers. The lack of precise data on a number of parameters, makes necessary a very rational approach to the fishery practices. In this connection it is reasonable to expand the areas of fishery activities, but concentrating those activities in the area of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Ecological monitoring and monitoring of the fishery are required. On this basis models of the fishery and of stocks ofE. superbamay be developed in order to control the krill resources that are under stress.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889379409377532

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889379409377526

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor