摘要:

Svalbard is an area of widespread occurrence not only of glaciers but also of ground ice. Field studies conducted in 1987 for the first time provided data on the structure and occurrence of ground ice, from ice cement and segregated ice to massive ice bodies, including buried glacier ice and snowpatch ice, as well as segregated and injected ice in frost mounds and thermokarst cavity ice. Ice cement is the most widespread type of primary ground ice; secondary ice includes vein ice; and buried ice includes buried glacier ice and buried snowpatch ice. The article presents details of the differing characteristics of the ice in each category.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377375

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The article focuses particularly on degraded lands in Murmansk Oblast’, disturbed by mining operations such as the dumping of overburden and of low‐grade ore, by tailings‐ponds from smelters and concentrators, by gravel pits and quarries, and by the building power stations, roads, railways, etc. Modifications in the design and operation of such tailings ponds and quarries are suggested, to facilitate revegetation. The adoption of hydro‐seeding and concentration of efforts on areas near residential zones are recommended. Cooperation between local urban authorities and mining enterprises in the area of restoration of degraded sites is also suggested.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377376

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Quantitative aspects of technogenic pollution of the snow cover are reported, based on field measurements made in the vicinity of the Barentsburg coalmine, Spitsbergen, in 1987. The mean total contamination of the snow cover with solid aerosols, based on cores through the total depth of the snow pack, reached levels of 300 t/ km2for the immediate area of the settlement of Barentsburg and 30 t/km2for the surrounding area. The rate of dustfall within the settlement is estimated to be 480 t/ km2per year. The total amount of dust falling throughout the area of contamination which is 6 times larger than that of the settlement persereaches 6001 per year. The data recorded on pollution of the snow cover at Barentsburg are comparable with those from the Vorkuta coalmining region. It is concluded that the pollution is local in nature. The importance of studies of snow pollution within the framework of a wider program of environmental protection of the archipelago of Svalbard is demonstrated.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377377

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The early Holocene deglaciation history for central West Greenland is reasonably well known, on the basis of a number of radiocarbon dates. Nearly nothing is known, however, of the history of ice recession between ca. 6000 and 400 years B.P. During a scientific research program in the summers of 1986 and 1987, sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, particular attention was focused on the position of the ice margin since 6000 years B.P. The area investigated is located close to the Ice Cap, southeast of Søndre Strømfjord. Lichenometric age determinations seemed to indicate an age of not more than 700 years for a system of marginal moraines found within a few kilometers of the recent ice margin (Ørkendalen Moraine System). Thermoluminescence dating of eolian sands (loess) covering these moraine ridges reveals, however, that the Ørkendalen Moraine System was formed before 1200 years B.P. and is presumably much older. It therefore probably formed in early Subatlantic time at the very latest. Well‐developed soils within older parts of the ubiquitous loess cover lead to the postulation of a warmer and moister climate (as compared with today) near the ice margin after formation of the Ørkendalen Moraine System (Post‐Ørkendalen Interval, presumably 1500–700 years B.P.). Since similar eolian sediments are found everywhere close to the Ice Cap here, even where there is no visible source area today, the position of the ice margin during the Post‐Ørkendalen Interval may have lain some 10 km east of its present position.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377378

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The article presents a detailed analysis of the lichen flora of the Fildes Peninsula on King George Island, with emphasis on geographical distributions within the area. The author identified 119 species belonging to 56 genera and 25 families. He concludes with a warning as to the imminent danger of destruction of this lichen flora by the large numbers of scientists and especially tourists visiting the area.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377379

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The authors have studied rates of coastal erosion inunconsoli‐dated sediments near the settlement of Varandey on the southeastern shores of the Barents Sea, this erosion being in part provoked by the removal of beach materials and other human activities. At one site erosion attains rates of about 2.0 m/year, and it is estimated that along the section of coastline under surveillance some 170,000 km3of material was being removed annually. At another site the mean rate of erosion attains about 5 m/year. Thermal abrasion is generally not involved in these processes. With the probability of rising sea level in the near future it is anticipated that the rates of erosion will continue or even increase.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377380

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The article focuses on regeneration of the soil and vegetation cover in hummocky tundra with unsorted circles in a mountainous area of Chukotka after a fire. The morphology, soils, and vegetation prior to the fire are analyzed in detail, and analyses of the situation 3 and 7 years after the fire are presented. Recovery was found to be significantly slower than in closed tundra, the vegetation cover recovering less than half as fast and the soil profile only one‐tenth as fast.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377381

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Extensive glaciations developed in the middle Kolyma basin during the Early and Middle Pleistocene. The types of glaciers and their dimensions have been established on the basis of the distribution of glacial and periglacial deposits, the position of glacial troughs and eroded glacial cirques and nivation hollows. The former glaciers developed in low mountainous and hilly terrain.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377382

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The authors provide details of the calving of a giant iceberg, measuring some 75 X 75 km, from the front of the Larsen Ice Shelf in the Weddell Sea in 1986. They plotted its drift for some 5 months using satellite imagery. They suggest that such giant icebergs might be used as research platforms for studying a wide range of scientific areas.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377383

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Satellite imagery of the peripheral areas of West Antarctica taken in 1986–1987 revealed the calving of a large number of giant icebergs from the Filchner, Larsen, Thwaites and Ross ice shelves. Their total volume amounted to about 9150 km3, which exceeds the mean annual volume of icebergs discharged from the area by nearly an order of magnitude. The formation of so many giant icebergs suggests a common cause, which we assume to be the significant reduction in the area of sea ice since the early 1970s. The sea ice is in a complex interrelationship with the Ice Sheet; it may serve as a damper to triggering impulses from the ocean, but can also serve as a triggering mechanism itself through impacts or pressure. But in that no signs of general disintegration have been found thus far in the ice shelves or the Antarctic Ice Sheet, the calving of the giant icebergs is considered to be a random process.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377384

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor