ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To examine the issue of whether or not electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) protects against suicidal death, we followed a complete population of 1,494 adult hospitalized psychiatric patients for 5–7 years. During that time there were 76 deaths, of which 16 or 21% were by suicide. Cause of death was not significantly related to age, gender, or research diagnosis. Patients who committed suicide were more apt to have received ECT than those who died from other causes, but this difference was not significant. A control group of living patients matched for age, sex, and diagnosis had very similar exposures to. ECT, which further indicates that ECT does not influence long-term survival. These findings combined with a close examination of the literature do not support the commonly held belief that ECT exerts long-range protective effects against suicide.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A review of the literature assessing the efficacy of bilateral compared to nondominant unilateral ECT was conducted using a quantitative review procedure—meta-analysis. The results supported conventional reviews that concluded that there is no difference in outcome between bilateral and unilateral ECT. Meta-analysis also allowed an evaluation of the effects of 11 variables that span: (a) research methodology, (b) technique, (c) patient demographics, and (d) operational dimensions that have been proposed to mediate results of studies that found an advantage for bilateral over unilateral ECT. Of these variables, shorter interelec-trode distance and the assessment of outcome after a fixed number of treatments (e.g., five or six ECT) rather than after completion of the full ECT course were significantly related to studies reporting a clinical advantage for bilateral ECT, and together, both accounted for 45% of the variance across studies. Although weaker effects of unilateral ECT due to shorter interelectrode distances may be related to seizure threshold, assessment after a fixed number of treatments may be related to failure to monitor seizure length.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An instrument was designed to rate the administration of electroconvulsive therapy. The performance of junior doctors was rated before and after videotape training in technique. The group showed a marked increase in ratings following training. The limitations and importance of the study are discussed.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Issues of information given for consent purposes are particularly problematic with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The authors investigated the efficacy of an informative videotape recording in this process. The videotape contained factual information about ECT, an interview with a patient before and after treatment, and the presentation of an actual treatment. A patient group assigned to watch the videotape, in addition to the usual consent process involving written and verbal information from the treating resident psychiatrist, showed only one postconsent difference from a group that had the usual consent process without the videotape. Those who saw the videotape were less sure that they had adequate information to decide whether to have ECT than those who did not see it (p < 0.05). Although patients likely to benefit from such an audiovisual approach may be identifiable, it seems that an informative videotape offers no universal advantage over more conventional information giving in the consent process.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Between 1971 and 1984, 11 studies have examined patient and/or lay attitudes to electroconvulsive therapy. These investigations are reviewed here. They vary in sample size, response rates, and in the way attitudes were assessed. Although none have used properly validated measures, the uniformity of their findings provides a considerable degree of validation. Studies have been conducted in the United States, United Kingdom, Eire, Australia, and Uganda. In general, patients felt positively about the treatment, and for most subjects the benefit of the treatment outweighed the cost, in terms of apprehension, side effects, and stigma. For a small, but important, minority, this was not so, and such individuals report quite negative attitudes to ECT. All the studies reviewed have faults, and suggestions for further research are outlined.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Until last year only two U.S. manufacturers were producing ECT machines for purchase. These machines differed in waveforms: a sine-wave device (Medcraft Corp.) and a brief-pulse bidirectional square-wave machine (MECTA Corp.). Early in 1985 a new brief-pulse bidirectional square-wave machine called the Thymatron was marketed (Somatics Inc.). For the first time this created a choice in brief-pulse equipment available in the U.S. This paper summarizes our initial impressions to this new brief-pulse device and one of MECTA's most recent brief-pulse models (SR-1) in terms of features, safety, practicality, and cost.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case is described of psychotic depression that worsened during a course of three bilateral ECTs per week, but responded to administration of two bilateral ECTs three times per week. For some patients, ECTs may need to be given more than three times per week to obtain remission.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID