ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Prior to the 1930s, the prime mode of treatment for psychiatric outpatients was psychoanalysis. Little could be done for inpatients, other than provide sedation and social support. In the 1930s, four major somatotherapies, all interventionist in technique, were developed: insulin coma therapy, Metrazol convulsive therapy, lobotomy (psychosurgery), and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the only one of these therapies still in use today. This paper focuses on the development of ECT by Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini at the Clinic for Nervous and Mental Disorders in Rome in 1938. The first electro-shock treatment with humans is discussed in detail and the export of ECT to North America is described. Fifty years after the first treatment, ECT remains a controversial method of psychiatric treatment.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The earliest electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) equipment was surprisingly advanced in its characteristics. Designed by some of the leading clinical scientists of the day in conjunction with creative engineering entrepreneurs, many devices contained features as advanced as are now in contemporary devices. A review of the development of ECT devices is of historical interest and it offers a fresh glimpse into technical issues that occupy recent interest.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ten endogenously depressed patients were studied before, during, and after electroconvulsive therapy. The nature and severity of depression was measured using the Newcastle Rating and Hamilton Depression Scales. The mean number of treatments administered was 12, and all patients recovered. Regional cerebral blood flow was studied using single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) with inhalation of133Xe. The mean values dropped by 8% after session three and a further 13% after the last session. The flow values of untreated patients was significantly higher than those found in 10 healthy volunteers. The values in patients following the last treatment session did not differ from those in the control group. There were no changes in the regional distribution of blood flow between controls and among patients in the three situations studied. No correlation was found between the physiological data and single items from the rating scales used. Increased cerebral blood flow values found in the treatment situation are due to the presence of depressive illness as such and not to agitation or anxiety. The parallel between flow data and clinical data points to the normalization taking place after, and not during, electroconvulsive therapy.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It has been suggested that unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is less effective than bilateral ECT in manic patients. In a pilot study, six medication-resistant manic patients received either left or right unilateral ECT. In an ongoing study, 14 similar patients were randomly assigned to receive left unilateral, right unilateral, or bilateral ECT. Across both studies, a therapeutic equivalence for unilateral and bilateral ECT was found. Possible reasons for disparate findings with respect to the efficacy of unilateral ECT in mania are discussed.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-two endogenous depressed patients (RDC) were treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Four patients (12.5%) developed a transient manic reaction; in two cases, this reaction occurred in mid-depression. Mania is not a generally recognized side effect of ECT; we detail the clinical characteristics, but fail to define clinical predictors of vulnerability.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Galvanic skin response (GSR) was assessed during 10 electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) sessions with five patients to evaluate its clinical utility in monitoring ECT-induced seizures. While GSR change was consistently observed in all instances, its duration persisted far longer than did seizure activity as measured by observed tonic-clonic movements. Accordingly, and in contrast to a prior report, GSR cannot be recommended as an accurate and reliable method of monitoring ECT.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID