ISSN:0036-5521    

DOI:10.3109/00365528109181951

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Net absorption of calcium, calcium balance and bone mineral content were studied in 83 patients with small-bowel resections of various lengths, mainly owing to CIBD, while they were receiving a standardized diet supplying 70 g fat and 800 mg calcium. Median duration of disease was 9 years (range, 5 months to 53 years) and median length of time from resection 3 years (range, 2 months to 18 years). In the whole case material net absorption of calcium ranged from +573 to−268 mg/day; median, +65 mg/day (+56% to−26% of dietary calcium; median, +6%). A weak inverse correlation was found between net absorption of calcium and length of resected small bowel, both in patients with ileostomy (no. = 32, r =−0.43, p<0.01) and in patients with part of or the whole colon in function (no. = 51, r=−0.34, p<0.01). Net absorption of calcium and urinary calcium correlated only weakly (no. = 78, r = 0.39, p<0.001). In all patients studied the median calcium balance was−49 mg/day (range. +447 to−339 mg/day). No difference in net absorption of calcium or calcium balance could be demonstrated between patients with ileostomy and patients with colon in function. Nor did serum ionized calcium correlate with net absorption of calcium or calcium balance. Eleven per cent of 64 patients studied had significantly decreased bone mineral content, and more than half had bone mineral content below the mean value for 191 normal controls. No correlation was observed between bone mineral content and net absorption of calcium, calcium balance, duration of disease. or length of time from resection. On the basis of this cross-sectional study of the incidence and severity of negative calcium balance and skeletal demineralization, prospective, longitudinal studies should be carried out to find the most suitable form of treatment for disturbances in bone mineral metabolism after small-bowel resection owing to CIBD.

ISSN:0036-5521    

DOI:10.3109/00365528109181952

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Effects of bilateral adrenalectomy and subsequent injections of hydrocortisone and pentagastrin on the activity of different intestinal digestive enzymes were measured in 20-day-old rats. Eleven days after adrenalectomy the activity of lactase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase, but not maltase, was significantly decreased when compared with sham-operated rats. In adrenalectomized rats, repeated injections of hydrocortisone (50 mg/kg) significantly increased the activity of lactase, sucrase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase by 15%, 49%, 32% and 121%, respectively, over the corresponding adrenalectomized control. Pentagastrin (500μg/kg) injections to adrenalectomized rats produced significant 41% and 58% increments in lactase and alkaline phosphatase activities, compared with the adrenalectomized control. Sucrase activity was unaffected by pentagastrin, but maltase showed a non-significant 34% higher activity than in the adrenalectomized control. Adrenalectomy by itself lowered the Kmand Vmaxof alkaline phosphatase by 33% and 66%, respectively, which were increased to 95% and 70% of the corresponding sham-operated level by either hydrocortisone or pentagastrin treatment. When intestinal homogenates from saline-treated adrenalectomized rats were mixed in equal proportion with homogenates from sham-operated or hydrocortisone- or pentagastrin-treated animals, Kmvalues for alkaline phosphatase were found to be similar to those observed for sham-operated or hormone-treated groups alone. However, in the same mixed preparations Vmaxvalues were found to be additive.

ISSN:0036-5521    

DOI:10.3109/00365528109181953

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Twenty patients with Crohn's disease were treated with metronidazole (Flagyl®) or sulfasalazine (Salazopyrin®). Before and during treatment quantitative and qualitative studies of the aerobic and anaerobic fecal bacterial flora were performed. After 1 week of metronidazole and 1 month of sulfasalazine treatment the median value of theBacteroidesconcentration decreased drastically. After 4 months theBacteroidesconcentration was still low in patients receiving metronidazole but normalized in patients receiving sulfasalazine treatment. The number of patients in whom the concentration of different bacteria in stool specimens showed changes during treatment of more than one10log of colony-forming units (cfu) per gram wet weight (i.e. more than 90%) was calculated. A comparison between pretreatment samples and those taken at the end of treatment showed a statistically significant decrease ofBacteroidesspecies (P<0.02) and a significant increase of fecal streptococci (P<0.02) in patients treated with metronidazole but not in patients treated with sulfasalazine. The relevance of these findings and the role of the bowel microflora for the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease is discussed.

ISSN:0036-5521    

DOI:10.3109/00365528109181954

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A fraction increasing water and sodium absorption in rat duodenum was detected in the material obtained at an early stage of purification of the hitherto isolated duodenal hormones. In Wistar rats, duodenal loops were made in situ and filled with a solution containing 0.138 mM NaCl, with14C PEG and22Na as markers; the final content was collected after 1 h and the movements of water and Na measured. In contrast to secretin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin, which induced duodenal secretion, and with pentagastrin, which induced duodenal absorption and stimulated acid secretion, this fraction induced duodenal absorption of Na and water without stimulating acid secretion. The fraction was obtained by chromatography of a concentrate of intestinal peptides in 0.2 M acetic acid on Sephadex G25 (fine), and its active component was found to be methanol-soluble at pH4 and insoluble at pH7.5. It was eluted from carboxymethylcellulose 22 with 0.04 M ammonium bicarbonate and gel filtration on Sephadex G50 (fine), resulting in a tenfold increase in activity. Incubation with chymotrypsin suppressed the biological activity, indicating a peptidic nature. The substance displayed biological and radioimmunological properties distinct from those of the gastrointestinal hormones. Particularly, no cross-reactivity was found with gastrin, prolactin, and angiotensin, which are known to increase intestinal absorption. It therefore seems possible that the activity described is due to a peptide that has as yet not been isolated. The name‘sorbin’is proposed for this active principle.

ISSN:0036-5521    

DOI:10.3109/00365528109181955

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Gastrozymin differed from secretin in several chromatographic and solubility characteristics. However, it showed a spectrum of activities which resembled those of secretin, including stimulation of pepsin, hepatic bile secretion, and pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. This study revealed differences in the quantitative ratios of these activities when induced by secretin or gastrozymin. In particular, if the ratio of the stimulation of pepsin secretion to that of pancreatic juice bicarbonate was 1:1 for secretin, it was 4:1 for gastrozymin. Further purification will show whether all these effects are induced by one molecule or by several peptides. It will also determine whether there is a structural relationship between gastrozymin and secretin or its precursor(s).

ISSN:0036-5521    

DOI:10.3109/00365528109181956

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Esophageal peristalsis in the middle and distal esophagus was analyzed in nine healthy people before, during, and after food intake. A significant increase in amplitude of contractions occurred during and after eating. Furthermore, a significant increase in duration and propagation time of contractions occurred in the distal part of the esophagus during food intake.

ISSN:0036-5521    

DOI:10.3109/00365528109181957

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effect of a selectiveβ2-adrenoceptor agonist on urecholine-stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in conscious gastric fistula dogs. A dose-dependent inhibition was found, most pronounced for the highest doses of urecholine. The inhibition was primarily on volume, whereas the acidity showed a decreasing tendency only. The pulse rate was increased by theβ2-agonist and by urecholine in high doses. Propranolol prevented both the inhibition of acid secretion and the increase in pulse rate. Practolol had no effect on the inhibition of acid secretion but prevented the increase in pulse rate. Dose-response experiments with five doses of urecholine and two doses of theβ2-agonist showed a decrease in maximal response, and transformation of the curve suggested an unchanged D50. It is concluded that theβ2-agonist inhibits urecholine-stimulated acid secretion in the dog to the same degree as pentagastrin-induced acid secretion, and much stronger than found for histamine-induced acid secretion in earlier experiments. The inhibition seems to follow a noncompetitive kinetic, andβ2-reccptors are probably involved.

ISSN:0036-5521    

DOI:10.3109/00365528109181958

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Insulin-induced hypoglycemia caused a modest but significant (p = 0.031) increase in plasma GIP. This increase was significantly (p = 0.031) attenuated when atropine was given together with insulin, indicating that the vagal nerves play a major role in the release of plasma GIP during hypoglycemia.

ISSN:0036-5521    

DOI:10.3109/00365528109181959

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fasting concentrations of S-cholate, S-chenodeoxycholate, S-aminotransferases, S-bilirubin, S-alkaline phosphatases, and S-glutamyltransferase were determined in 564 outpatients with disorders of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Unsulphated conjugates of cholic (fS-C) and chenodeoxycholic acid (fS-CDC) were determined by radioimmunoassay. In patients with increased serum bile acid concentrations fS-C and fS-CDC were linearly correlated, and the fS-C/fS-CDC ratio was similar in all patient groups. The incidence of false-positive results of fS-CDC was probably due to inadequate fasting and comparison of fS-C only with the liver tests. In 51 patients with verified cirrhosis fS-C was significantly correlated with S-bilirubin in a semilogarithmic relation but not with S-alkaline phosphatases or S-glutamyltransferase. fS-C was found to be a sensitive indicator of liver disease in the anicteric stage. Of 207 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 63 had 1 or several of the results of liver tests for cholestasis elevated. There was no correlation between the different tests. In these patients and all patients with gastrointestinal disorders the commonest single finding was an elevation of S-alkaline phosphatases not associated with cholestasis.

ISSN:0036-5521    

DOI:10.3109/00365528109181960

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor