摘要:

218 XLI. On the Actioii ofAlkalies 011 Wax. Ily ~ORERT WARINGTON Esprs. and W. FRANCIS 1’Lead May 16 lM3. 5’iV subjects have of late engaged so much the attention F‘;,fcheniists as that relative to the formation of fat in the aiiinial organization a suliject fraught with resal ts of the high-est importance both to science and its applications to rurat oecoriomy. Twotheories havebeen proposed to accoiint for its origin :-The one by kl. Lirbig which supposes that the fat is pro-duced by the conversion of siigar starch and other non ni-trogenous bodies during the process of digestion as detailed in his paper on this subject piblishecl iu the Society’s Me- moirs vol. i. p. 16$; a view which is supported by various malogous processes and decom psi tions with which chemists are already familiar as for instance the conversion of’ amyg-daline into tlic oil of bitter almonds of salicine into oil of meadowsweet and also the prodtiction of znantliic ether in th e t’ermen ta t i on of a my1 aceou s su11s tati ces w hich moreover has recently hen slioun by M.Vl’iihler to be readily coii- verted by distillation into margal ic acid. The other theory hy MM. Dumas Boussingnultand Payen* according to which no production of fat takes place in the snimnl frame but that it is contained already formed in the vwioiis products of the vege- table kingdom which geiieriilly serve the purposes of food. In support of this latter view great importance has been placed 011 some recent observations of M. Lewyt commur:i- cated to the French Acadeniy of‘Scieiices in which it is stated.that when purified bees’-wax is boiled with a concentrated so-lution of caustic potash or wlien cerine one of the principal constituents of wax is heated with potash and lime at the tem- perature oF a metallic bath it underg,rc~essapoiiificatioii arid affords a combination entirely soluble in water and fiwin which acids separate a fatty body having the properties niid coni posi t i oii of stea r ic acid . This statrnieiit apparently so entirely at variance with what had hitherto been published on the ~iatureof this suhsrance aiitl its beh:tviour towards the alkaline bases a1id the ease moreover with which if ~onfirriie(1,pure stearic acid niight in future be obtained induced us to repeat some of the ex-pelimknts of M.Lewy bearing oil this point. Before however detailirig the results at which we clri ivetl * Anndes de Chinzie et de Physique t. iv. p. 208. I-C’ontptes Redzts No. xiv. April 3 1843 p. 675. On the Action oJ‘All’ralzes 011 W(ix. it will perhaps be well to give in brief outline the data ob-tained by forni er in vestigati ws. According to the researches of MM. Boudet Boisseriot * arid Ettling t wax is a mixture of cerine and myricine whicli iiiay be readily separated fi-om each other by means of alco-hol the mq’riche being nearly irisoluble in that inediuni the cerinct which is depositecl on the cooling of the alcoholic solu-tion is itself a compound body consisting of ceraiiie and mar-garic acid ; these may be separated by treatment with c:iustic potash wliich forms a soap with the margaric acid without actina at all 011 the ceraine.Ettling analysed ceraine and .9 iiijrmne arid found them to be isomeric and coniposerl in 100 parts of-Ceraine. Myicine. Carbon . . . 80.44 80.01 ~~jdrogen. . 13-75 13.85 Oxygen . . . 5*81 6.14 MM. HessI and Vaii der Vieit 5 regard wax as a simple substance whicli iii the coiniiioii yellow wax is in comt)inatioii with a colouring un:ttter and in the white wax with ceraiuic acid composed of Carbon . . . 81-55? Hydrogen . . 13.23 Oxygen . . . 5-25 Hess states that it contains no margaric acid and does not afford either ceririe or ceraine. The experiments of Ettlirig as to wax being a compouiid body consistiiig of cerine aid myricine are corifirmed how-ever by M.Lewy who finds them to be isomeric and coni-posed in 100 parts of-Carbon . . . 80’31 Hydrogeu . . 13-38 Oxygen . . . 6-30 Berzelius in the third German edition of his Manual of Chemistry,’ vol. vi. p. 513 states that wax is converted into a kind of soap by caustic alkalies but the combination formed is of’difficult solution in water and setmrates in a cream-like form on the surface of the liquid; that this cream may tie melted to a very hard soap but that acids separate the wax with nearly unaltered properties. 011boiling wax for 5ix hours with caustic potash we ob-* Joztrn. de Pham. vol. xiii. p. 43. + Aiiiznlen der Pharniacie vol. ii. p. 253. ;Annul. dm kharm xxvii.I). 8. 0 Bidle!i‘tL de Nberfmide No. xiii. 1838. 250 R. Warington and W. Francis on the Action of Wax. served exactly the appearances described by Berzelius; it was evidently acted Lipon increased iu bulk and a curdlike mass sparingly soluble in water separated on the top of the liquid. On melting wax and then dropping fused caustic potash into it a small quantity of gas is given off arid the whole mass in a few seconds is converted from a liquid state iiito a thick gelatinous amber-coloured soapy substance which was found to be alrnost entirely soluble in a layge quaiitity of water. It was separated froni the solution in a curdy state by the addition of common salt washed redissolved and hydro-chloric acid added; this threw up a colourless oily liquid which on cooling solidified into a waxy brittle substance.After being well washed with boiling water to reniove any traces of hydrochloric acid it was treated with alcohol in which with the assistance of heat it was perfectly soluble and on cooling separated in a crystalline state. From these appearances we were inclined to eiitertain the idea that a conversion of the wax into stearic acid had taken place but the alcoholic solution of the supposed acid did not in the least af€ect blue litmus paper and when boiled with a solution of carbonate of soda riot a trace of gas was evolved. Its rneiting point was ascertained to be 74."C. and the fused tnass on cooling exhibited not the slightest trace of crystalline struc- ture; it could not evidently therefore be stearic acid and such was proved to be the case by the annexed analysis.0.346 grtn. of the substance dried for six hours in the water- bath to remove all trace of alcohol afforded on combustion with chromate of lead 0.427 grm. of water and 1.005 grm. of carbonic acid or in 100 parts,-Carbon . . * 80-31 b Hydrogen . 13.70 Oxygen . . . 5.99 It is therefore as widely different from stenric acid as any body can be-the alcoholic solution of which distinctly red- dens litmus paper expels carbonic acid from carbonate of soda solidifies into a mass having a decided crystalline struc- ture and whose composition was found by Liebig Redten- bacher and other chemists to be carbon 76'69 hydrogen 12*70,and oxygen 20.61.On comparing the results obtained in our analysis it will be however immediately seen that this substance has exactly the same composition assigned by Ettling to ceraine with which it is therefore isomeric if not identical. The peculiar characters of ceraine are that it melts at 70."C.,and on cooling forms a hard brittle mass. It is not soluble in cold alcohol Dr. Fownes on Ferrocjauideof Potassizcnz. 25 1 and but very slightly in hot ; on the cooling of the alcoholic so-lution it becomes gelatinous but may on slow cooling be ob-tained in a crystalline state; it is iiot saponifiable. The body we have examined melts at 74' C. forms on cooling a hard brittle waxy mass but it dissolves readily in hot alcohol from which it crystallizes on cooling ;it affords a kind ot' soap with potash ; it does not expel carbonic acid from carbonate of'soda and has no acid properties.It will be seen that the results we have obtained agree closely with those described by Ber- zelius and by Ettling. On it future occasion we hope to bring before the Society an account of several curious ph~noniena we hare observed in our experitrients on this subject ; for the present we propose for the body we have examined the name of Pseudo-cemiiie until by further experiments we shall have removed the discrepancies which at pre.sent appear to exist between its characters aiid those ascribed by Ettling to ce-mine. .VIVPMWIY-CI --

ISSN:0269-3127    

DOI:10.1039/MP8410100248

出版商:RSC    

年代:1841

数据来源: RSC

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Dr. Fownes on FerrocJaftidecf Potassizcnz. 251 XLII. On ihe Action of' Oil of Vitriol upon Fcrrocynnide of Potassium. By G. FOWNES, PhB. Read March 21 1S43. WHEN finely powdered ferrocyanitie of potassium is heated in a capacious flask or retort with eight or ten times its weight of concentrated sulphuric acid the white pasty mass first produced by the action of the acid upon the salt gra- dually dissolves and disappears its solution being accompa- nied by the disengagement of a prodigious quantity of perrna-nent gas. This gas when collected over water is colourless and transparent; it has a very faint garlic odour does not render lime-water turbid takes fire on the approach of a ta- per and burns with a bright blue flame generating carbonic acid.When mixed with half its brilk of pure oxygen intro- duced into the siphon-eudiometer and fired by the electric spark a contr:iction occurs amounting to one-third part of the whole and the residual gas becomes almost entirely ab- sorbable by caustic potash. These characters are sufficient to prove that the gas iu question is pure carbonic oxide. When the oil of vitriol is first poured upon the ferrocyanide a good deal of heat is produced and the odour of hydrocyanic acid is for a moment perceptible ; this disappears however as soon as the effervescence commences and is replaced by a truce of formic acid vapour which may be remarked during the whole period of the experiment. At the close of the re- action a little sulphurous acid tho may be recognised; the cause of this will become immediately apparent.252 nr. Fdwnes 011 the Ac/ioii of Oil (7f Vitriol If the disengagement of carbonic acid hnving ceased lieat be still :ippliect to the now fluid contents of the vessel the es-cape of sulphurous acid becomes more and more marked while at the same time a number of little white peaidy cry- stalline plates may be observed floating nliout in the boiling liquid. These scales rapidly increase in number until after the lapse of fifteen or twenty minutes from the time the first were seen they cover the bottom of the flask to a consider-ntlle depth glittering when agitated like new-formed crystals of thionurate of arnmoiiia. When the whole has cooled the acid may be poured from the crystalliiie deposit and the latter washed once or twice by decantation with cold water and then transferred to ft paper filter.When the liquid which pisses tastes no longer strongly acid and astringent the filter and its contents niay be spread upon a few folds of bibulous paper and placed to dry over a surface of sulphuric acid in the vacuum of the air- pump. The acid liquid from which the crystals were deposited is found on examination to contain in solution peroxide of iron and the sulphates of potash atid ammonia. The new substance when dry presents r? very beautiful np-pearance resembling,. as before remarked thionri rate of am-monia; under the microscope it is seen to consist of small transparent &sided tables. It niay be heated to above 300' F.without loss of weight or alteration of any kind ; at a red he:it it is slowly decomposed leaving red oxide of iron with some sulphate of potash.It is as the mode of preparation shows insoluble in cold water nevertheless a lengthened so-journ in contact with that liquid brings about slow decompo- sition ;a little free sulphnric acid preverits this change; hence in preparing the substance the necessity of avoiding pro-longed washing even with cold water as the salt begins to change and grow red as soon as the free acid has been re- moved. With boiliiig water the change is immediate; the substance assumes the colour of rust and peroxide of iroii is dissolved out. Alkalies decompose it instantly oxide of iron retaining the crystalline appearance of the new body itself; is separated and the solution after filtration is found to contain abutxlance of sulphuric acid.Carbonate of potash with the aid of heat disengages ammonia ; the oxide of iron is not in this cast separated but remains in solution comniunicating to the alkali a deep red colour; the addition of water how-ever causes the deposition of the oxide. These cliarncters suffice to poiiit out the general nature of the substance 11:ider exmiination. E'twocymiide oJ'Potnssiunt. ~cpo?~ 253 A portion carefully dried in vCIc(cuo wzs next subjected to aiialysis :-20 grs. dissolved in hot hydrochloric acid and precipitated by arnmonia gave 6 grs. of oxide of' iron and the filtered so-lution evaporated to dryness and ignited with the usual pre- cautions afforded 2.9 grs.of sulphate of potasb equivalent to 1 *58grs. of potash. 20 grs. of the substance dissolved in hydrochloric acid and precipitated by chloride of barium,. gave 34.4 grs. of ignited sulphate =1 1 *t3 grs. of sulphuric acid. 20 grs. of the substance digested with ammonia and filtered gave of oxide of iron 5-9 grs.; the solution by precipitation with baryta afforded 34.2 grs. of sulphate =z 1-74grs. of sul- phuric acid. 100 parts will therefore contain if the ammonia be taken by difference,- Sulphuric acid ...59#0 58.7 Peroxide of iron. ..30.0 29'5 Potash ...... 7-9 Oxide of amnioiiiuni . 3.1 10090 A separate specimen the result of another operatioil gave numbers closely coinciding with the above.It will be seeti that the relation of the sulphuric acid to the oxide of iron is alniost exactly that which exists in common iron-alum :the formula gives reckoned to 100 parts,-Sulphuric acid ....58.0 Peroxide ofiroii ...28-8 Potash ...... 8.5 Oxide of ammonium . . 4.7 100-0 Taking into account the impossibility of completely wash-ing the crystals without causing deconiposition a cornparisoil of the calculated and found results will perhaps be deemed satisfactory. This anhydrous iron-alum is apparently the type of a num-ber of crystalline dnhydrous sulphates which may be formed under similar circumstances. For example when green vitriol in powder is boiled with strong sulphuric acid it is dissolved sulphurous acid is disengaged the protoxide of iron passing to peroxide which as fast as it is formed falls down in com- bination with the acid as a crystalline pinkish-white powder.Chem. SOC.Mem. VOL. I. 2B 254 Dr Fownes OM I;'cwocya?ii& of'Potassium. Anhydrous siilpiiates of' copper and nickel niay be obtained by a similar process; also the double sulphate of nickel and potash. The copper salt has a beautiful lilac colour ; that of nickel is briglit yeliow. All these compounds are however changed by contact with water; the persulphate of iron is the most stable but even that ends by dissolving in great part. There is no difficulty in explaining the decomposition un-dergone by the ferrocyatiide of potassium under the influence of the acid and its conversion into the products observed.1 equivalent of ferrocyanide of potassium aid 9 equivalents of water contain the elements of 6 equivalents of carbonic oxide 3 equivaleiits of ammonia 2 equivalents of potash and 1 equivalent of protoxide of iron. r 6 eq. carbon. G eq. carbonic oxide. 3 , nitrogen. I eq. ferrocyanide potassiuin = 2 , potassium. 2 eq. potash. 1 , iron. 1 eq. protox. iron. 6 , oxygen. 9* eq. water. . . . . -2 , oxygen. 1 , oxygen. -i9 , hydrogen. 3 eq. ammonia. At a subsequent period when the evolution of carbonic oxide ceases and the temperature rises very high the iron be- comes peroxidized at the expense of a portion of the acid sulphurous acid is emitted and the iron-alum gradually formed the excess of alkaline sulphates remaining in solution.In concIusion it may be worth while calling the attention of those whom it may concern to the foregoing experiments as furnishing a11 extremely easy and ceconomical method of preparing carbonic oxide for purposes of research or rlemon-stration. A single half-ounce of the yellow salt treated with some oil of vitriol in a common Florence flask fitted with a perforated cork and conducting tube gives more than 300 cubic inches of gas which has all the marks of the most per- fect purity it does not in the least affect lime-water and be- comes entirely converted into carbonic acid by explosion with half its volume of oxygen. The gas given off during the whole of the reaction is equally pure except quite at the end of the operation when as before noticed a little sulphurous acid appeals. * Probably 6 eq. from the oil of vitriol the acid of which has combined with the aiiiinoni3 potash and oxide of' iron 2nd 3 eq. being the water of crystallization of the salt.

ISSN:0269-3127    

DOI:10.1039/MP8410100251

出版商:RSC    

年代:1841

数据来源: RSC

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INDEX TO THE MEMOIRS. VOL. I. ___t_l ACIDS :-products of the action of on castor oil 1; enanthylic 2; ma-lic 28; employment of cliroinic as an agent in voltaic arrangements 61 ;conversion of benzoic into hip- puric in the animal cmonomy 79; preparation of hydrocyanic 96 ; pyrogallic 127 132 ; garden rhu- barb as a source of malic 193; ac tion of nitric upon theine 219; ferric 240. Acetate of silver 24. Bther enanthylic formation of 2 ; analysis of 3. Xthogen preparation of 149; pro-perties of 150. athonides 149. Zthyl funlarate of oxide of analysis of 34. Alkalies action of on wax 248. Ammonia supposed part which the nitrogen of the atmosphere plays in the forination of 197. Ammonium cadmio-chloride of 105. Analyses:-c~?nanthylic acid 2; Ether 3 ; enanthylate of silver 4 ; of ba-ryta 4; acetate of silver 24; tar-trate of 24 ; raceinate of 24 ; ma-late of 24,33 ; tartrate of lead 25 ; racemate of 25; tartrate of and racemate of 25; malate of lime 30 ; magnesia 31 ; zinc 32 ; cop-per 33; barytes 34; strontian 34 ; fumarate of oxide of =thy] 31; fu-maramide 35; cetine 43 ;ethal 44; laurel turpentine 45 ; oil of hyssop 46; of assafaetida 48; chloride of cacoplatyl 65 ; bromide of 66 ; iodide of 67 ; sulphate of the oxide of 60; of a new oxalate of chro- mium and potash 89; of theine 220; of fat from various mines 231 ; of theine prepared by sublimation 237 ; of theine from Paraguay tea 238; of ceraine and myricine 249 ; of pstwdoceraine 2.5 I.Archil on substances coil tained in tlic iicliens used for preparations of 71. Arrott (Alexander R.) on some i~ew cases of voltaic action and 011 the construction of a battery without the use of oxidizable metals 142. Assafetida oil of analyses of 48. Halmain (W. H.) on zthogen and zthonides 149. Raryta formation of enanthylate of 4; analysis of 4. Barytes analysis of malate of 34. Beetz (W.) on the spontaneous change of fats 230. Benzoic acid conversion of into hip-puric acid in the animal ceconomy 79. Biniodide of mercury change of co- lour in the 85. Bistort examination of 212. Bunsen (Prof.) on the radical of the cacodyl series of compounds 4'3; on a new class of cacodyl com-pounds containing platinum 63.Cacodyl series of compounds radical of the 49 ; isolation of 49 ; forma-tion of the compounds of from their radical 54; decomposition of the radical 55 ; compounds new class of containing platinum 63. Cacoplatyl chloride of G4 ; analysis of 65; bromide of 66; analysis of 67; iodide of 67 ; analysis of 68 ; sulphate of the oxide of 68 ; analysis of 69. Cadmium salts of 104. Campbell (Et. Corbett) 011 the ferro- cyanides 38. Carbon atomic weight of 9. Cashew nut examination of the 212. Castor oil,.products of the action of nitric acid on 1. Catechu examination of 141. Cetine analyses of 43. Ceraine analysis of 249 ; pseudo ex- ainination and analysis of 251. 2B2 256 INDEX. Chamellia Japonica examination of 219.Chatterly (W. M. F.) on saline ma- nures containing nitrogen 152. Chloride of cacoplatyl 64 ; analyses of 65. Chroinates and sulphates of the pot- ash family 11G. Cliromic acid employment of as an agent in voltaic arrangements 61. Chroiiiium and potash new oxalate of 89 ; analysis of 90 ; red oxalate of 93. Cock (W.J.) on palladium its ex-traction alloys &c 161. Combinations heat disengaged in 106. Cooper (J. T,) on certain iniprove- ments in the instrument invented by the late Ih. Wollaston for ascer- taining the refracting indices of bo-dies 234. Copper salt crystallization of 5. Copper acid malate of and analyses of 33; constitution of the subsalts of 221 ; trisulphate of 222 ; tetra-sulphate of 223 ; peritasulphate of 225 ; subsnlphates tabular arrange- ment of 230.Cow changes in the composition of the milk of tlie 174. Croft (Henry) on a new oxalate of chromium and potash 89; on some salts of cadmium 104. Cudbear on substances contained in the lichens used for the preparation of 71. Cyanate of potash preparation of 97. Cyanide of potassiutn preparation of aiid its applications 94 ; as a re-ducing agent 97 ; as ail agent of separation in quantitative analysis 98. Cyannrate of potash on tlie acid 42. Detmer (M.) on bleaching salt 6. Divi-divi examination of 140. Etlial analyses of 41. Eucalyptus sugar of the 1.59. Everitt (Thomas) on the leaf-stalks of garden rhubarb as a source of malic acid 193.Fat formation of in the animal body 164 ; spontaneous change of 230 ; analysis of from various mines 23 1. Ferrocyanides on the 38; of potas- sium action of oil of vitriol upon 251. Fownes (George) on the preparation of artificial yeast 100; on the ac- tion of oil of vitriol upon the ferro- cyanide of’ potassium 267. Francis (W.) on the action of alkalies on wax 248. Fumaramide analysis of 35. Garrod (Alfred Baring) on the con-version of benzoic acid into hippu- ric in the animal ceconomy 79. Graham (Thomas) 011 the constitution of the sulphates as illustrated by late thermometrical researches 82; on the heat disengaged in combi- nations 106. Gregory (Dr. W.) on a new method of obtaining pure silver either in tlic metallic state or in the form of oxide 190.Gum kino examination of 141. Hagen (Robert) on malic acid and the changes undergone by its salts at high temperatures 28. Heat as disengaged in combinations 106. Hippuric acid cmversion of benzoic acid into in the animal ceconomy 79. Hydrocyanic acid preparation of 96. Hyssop oil of analyses of 46. Iron composition of an acid oxide of 240. Johnston (J. F. W.) on the sugar of the Eucalyptus 159. Larch bark examination of 213. Lead and its oxides atomic weight of 14; tartrate of and racemate of 25 ; pyrogallate of 130; 4ionide of 151. Lecanorin 73; decomposition of 75. Lichens on substances contained in the employed for preparations for archil and cudbear 71. Liebig (Prof.) on the atomic weight of carbon 9 ; on the preparation of cyanide of potassium and on its applications 94 ; on the formation of fat in the animal body 164.Lime malates of analyses of 29; acid inalate of 30. Magnesia malates of analyses of 31 Magnesian sulphates hydration of 111. hialates of silver 24,33 ; of lime 29; magnesia 31 ; zinc 32 ;copper,33; barytes 31 ; strantian 3.k ; at high t em pcratwes 3,>. hlalic acid 28. INDEX. 257 Manures saline containing nitrogd 152. Mercury biniodide of change of co- lour in the 85. Metals oxidizable on the construction of'a battery without the use of 142. Milk of the cow changes in the com- position of the 174. Molecules of a body re-arrangement of the after solidification 77.Muriatic acid action of upon tannin 137. hfyricine analyses of 249. hfprobalans examination of 210. Nitric acid products of the action of on castor oil 1 ; on theine 219. Nitrogen saline manures containing 152; estimation of in organic com- pounds and on the part which that of the atmosphere plays in the for- mation of ammonia 197. Nitro-theine 239. Oak bark examination of 139. (Enanthylate of silver preparation of 3 ; analysis of 4 ; of baryta forma- tion and analysis of 4; of potash 5; of strontian appearance of 5. (Enanthylic acid formation and ana-lysis of 2; aether formation of 2 ; analysis of 3. Oxalate of chromium and potash new 89; analysis of 90; red oxalate of 93. Oxide new method of obtaining pure silver in the form of 190.Palladium its extraction alloys &c. 161. Pentasulphate of copper 225. Paraguay tea theine found in 217 238. Playfair (Dr. Lyon) on the changes in composition of the milk of a cow ac- cording to its exercise and food 174. Platinum on a new class of cacodyl compounds containing 63. Polygonurn bistortus examinatioii of 212. Pomegranate rind examination of,213. Potash formation of enanthylate of 5 ; acid cyrtnurate of 42 ; and chro- mium new oxalate of 89; analysis of 90; red oxalate of 93 ; yrepara-tion of' cyanate of 97. Potassium cyanide of preparation of and its applications 94; as a redu-cing agent 07 ; as an agent of sepa-ration in quantitative analysis 98 ; cadinio-chloride of cadmio-bromide of cadtnio-iodide of 105; arthoiiide of 150; action of oil of vitriol on ferrocyanide of 25 I.Pseuderythrin 76. Pseudoceraine examination arid ana- lysis of; 251. Pyogallate of lead 130. Pyrognllic acid 127 ; astringent sub-staiices as sources of 132. Pyroxylic spirit on 36 ; table of spe- cific gravities of 37. Racemate of silver 24 ; of lead 25. Redtenbacher (Prof.) on the atomic weight of carbon 9. Reiset (M.) observations on his re-marks on the new method for the estimation of nitrogen in organic compounds 197. Rhubarb leaf-stalks of garden as a source of nialic acid 193. Ricin~lscornmiinis examination of the preducts of tlic oxidation of the oil of 1. Salts bleaching 6.Schunck (Edward) on some of the substances contained in the lichens employed for the preparation of archil and cudbear 71. Silver enanthylate of 3 ; table of ex- periments with acetate tartrate raceniate and malate of 21 ; artho-nide of 152; new method of ob-taining pure 190. Smith (J. D.) on the constitution of the subsalts of copper 221 ; on the coinposition of an acid oxide of iron 2-10. Soda sulphate of I18 ; bisulphate of 121. Sodium caduiio-chloride of 105. Stearine analysis of by Liebig and Pelouse 231. Stenhouse (Dr. John) examinationof cetine etlial oils of laurel turpen- tine hyssop and asafetida 43 ; on pyrogallic acid and some astrin- gent substances which yield it 127 ; on some astringent substances as sources of pyrogallic acid 132 ; examination of astringent sub-stances 208 ; on theine and its pre- paration 215 ; on theine 237.Strontian appearance of enanthylate of 5; malate of analysis of 31. Subsalts of copper constitution of the subsulph,ites 221. 258 INDEX. Sugar of tlic Eucalyptns on the 159. Sulphates constitiitiori of 82 ; mag-nesian hydration of 111; and cliromates of the potash fainiiy 116; double 120. Tannin action of muriatic acid upon 137. Tartrate of silver 24 ; of lead 2;;. Tea black and green exaiiiination of 208; tannin of 209; Paraguay 217 238. Temperatures nialates at high 35. Tetrasulphate of copper 223. Theine and its preparation 218 ; found in Paraguay tea 217 238 ; analysis of 220 ; action of nitric acid upon 219; analysis of prepared by sublimation 237 ; formnla for 238.Tilley (T. G.)on some of the products of the action of nitric acid on castor oil 1. Trisulphate of copper 222. Turpentine laurel analysis of 45. Ure (Dr.) on the successive strengths of pyroxylic spirit corresponding to its successive specific gravities with some introductory observations 36. Valonia examination ot; 13‘3. Vitriol hydration of oil of 107 ; ac-tion of oil of 011 ferrocyanide of DO-tassiuln 25 1. Voltaic arrangements employtnent of chromic acid as an agent in 61. Voltaic action 011 some new cases of 1-42. Werington (R.) on the employment of’ chromic acid cs an agent in voltaic arrangements 61 ; oil H re-arrange-ment of the molecules of a body after solidification 77; on the change of colour in the biniodide of mercury 85 ; on the red osalate of chromium and potash 93; on the action of alkalies on wax 248.Wax action of alkalies on 245. Will (Dr.) on M. Reiset’s remarks on thc estimation of nitrogen in organic corripounds 197. Wollaston (Dr.) iinprovements in the instrument invented by the late for ascertaining the refractive in- dices of bodies 231. Yeast preparation of artificial 100. Zinc malates of analyses of 32 ; acid 32 ; basic inalate of 33 ; Ethonide of 151. -I___ Printed by llichard and John E. Taylor Red Lion Court Fleet Street

ISSN:0269-3127    

DOI:10.1039/MP8410100255

出版商:RSC    

年代:1841

数据来源: RSC