摘要:

AbstractSoil degradation threatens environmental quality and sustainable food production. As a result of efforts to promote soil conservation, farmers in Canada are thought to be reasonably aware of both the importance of conservation and the existence of remedial and preventive practices. Despite this, the adoption of conservation practices has been less than overwhelming. Forces other than awareness and positive attitude seem to be constraining many land managers from employing available conservation methods. This paper presents the findings from an empirical investigation of the use of soil conservation practices and barriers to their adoption in the southwestern region of Ontario, Canada. The analysis is set in the context of literature on technology adoption. A scheme for measuring farm‐level conservation effort is developed, and barriers to adoption are derived from an analysis of a range of independent physical, personal, and economic factors, and from the obstacles or constraints identified by producers themselves. Key barriers relate to economic pressures, the complexity and compatibility of practices, and perceptions regarding the actual need for practices. The findings have relevance for the design of public policies and programs, notably the importance of supplying information on farm‐level implications of conservation methods and the need for a stable economic environment for agriculture to allow longer‐term pla

ISSN:1085-3278    

DOI:10.1002/ldr.3400030102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe bomb‐test fallout radionuclide caesium‐137, has found increasing application in geomorphological investigations of soil erosion. Comparatively little work has investigated the potential for using134Cs and137Cs derived from the 1986 Chernobyl accident. Results are reported from an agricultural foothill environment in the Beskidy Mountains of southern Poland. The high degree of spatial variability associated with Chernobyl fallout deposition poses considerable limitations on the potential for using radiocaesium measurements to elucidate detailed patterns of soil loss. Despite this problem, the redistribution of radiocaesium from field plots to terrace edges suggests a means for estimating the overall budgets for sediment transfer on cultivated slo

ISSN:1085-3278    

DOI:10.1002/ldr.3400030103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe goal of the project discussed in this paper is to produce small‐scale maps of dryland salinization potential for Victoria, Australia; maps which putatively identify areas where salinization effects might be expected to worsen or where effects have yet to become evident. This paper assumes: (a) that current stream salinity levels can be modelled empirically using a relationship reported by Greig and Devonshire (1981), and (b) that a subset of these levels are indicative at an early stage of themaximumlong‐term severity (meaning extensiveness) of proximate dryland salinization should water‐tables rise. This paper uses computer induction to relate modelled stream salinity to observed salinization and hence to dryland salinization pote

ISSN:1085-3278    

DOI:10.1002/ldr.3400030104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports on research in the Kongoussi Region of Burkina Faso, on permeable infiltration dams, which sought to establish their agricultural and hydrological impact, and to develop criteria for their most effective design. From these studies it appears that, depending on rainfall characteristics, the sorghum grain yields upstream of these dams were 0‐7 t ha−1to 1‐7 t ha−1higher than those obtained in valley bottom plots not benefitting from such structures. The difference in yield was most marked in relatively dry years. The hydrological impact appeared to be limited, and the impact on groundwater negligible. As for the design criteria, it appeared that the existing methods of Rodier‐Auvray and Rodier‐Ribstein for estimating runoff floods with a recurrence interval of ten years, are applicable to small catchment areas. Dimensions of a dam can thus be calculated. Other design criteria have been determined in a more qualitative manner and are als

ISSN:1085-3278    

DOI:10.1002/ldr.3400030105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCost effectiveness of six alternative road embankment construction practices and 16 alternative fill‐slope stabilization practices was evaluated as means for controlling erosion on forest roads built on granitic soils in Idaho (USA). A total of 63 bordered erosion plots 1‐8 m wide by 4‐6 m long, were used. Eroded material was collected in troughs at the bottom of each plot in the spring and fall. Measurements began in the fall of 1981 and continued until the fall of 1983. Costs were obtained by tabulating actual labor, equipment, and supplies used to install the treatments. Rainfall erosivity values accumulated for the snow‐free periods between erosion measurements proved to be a statistically significant covariate for the analysis of treatment effects. There were no significant differences between the three embankment construction practices (sidecast, layer placed, and controlled compaction). But surface rolling did significantly increase erosion in all cases. Nine of the post‐construction soil stabilization measures significantly reduced erosion, and one measure significantly increased erosion (P<0‐5). Stabilization measures that combined mulches with revegetation appeared to be more beneficial for erosion control than either mulches or revegetation alone. Rankings of the erosion control effectiveness of individual soil stabilization practices were different from the rankings of the cost effectiveness of the practices. Application of alternative treatments i

ISSN:1085-3278    

DOI:10.1002/ldr.3400030106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1085-3278    

DOI:10.1002/ldr.3400030107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1085-3278    

DOI:10.1002/ldr.3400030109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1085-3278    

DOI:10.1002/ldr.3400030110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1085-3278    

DOI:10.1002/ldr.3400030101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY