摘要:

The concentration of substance-P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in the lumbar spinal fluid of senile parkinsonian patients (mean age 77.6 ± 6.7 years) and senile control patients (mean age 83.5 ± 5.6 years) were determined by specific radioimmunoassays. Mean SPLI and SLI levels in the control group were 8.1 ± 2.0 (SD) and 32.5 ± 12.0 fmol/ml, respectively. The mean SPLI levels were not significantly different in the groups. The mean SLI level was significantly lower in the group of patients with Parkinson’s disease (19.8 ± 9.0 fmol/ml). A comparison with results in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) shows that, in addition to clinical and pathological correlations, Parkinson’s disease of late onset may share a deficit in somatostatinergic neuromodulation w

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116366

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The interim data obtained up to the end of the 2nd year of the nation-wide multicentric cooperative study on the long-term effects of bromocriptine in parkinsonian patients revealed the following results. Firstly, the bromocriptine monotherapy could be continued in about 40% of the patients at the mean maintenance dose of 10.8 mg daily. Secondly, the additional use of bromocriptine in parkinsonian patients already treated with levodopa had a favorable influence on late side effects of levodopa such as on-off phenomenon and dyskinesia. No significant difference has been found so far as to the management of the wearing-off phenomenon between the patients with levodopa alone and those with levodopa and bromocriptine.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116446

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We treated a case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) with interferon and observed electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and the clinical condition during the treatment period. EEG studies were carried out more than 30 times over the period of 1 year. It was observed that, especially after the first intravenous injection of interferon, periodic synchronous discharges on EEG completely disappeared and the clinical condition improved, although transiently. We found that interferon has some temporary influence on the course of SSPE.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116367

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

High-field strength magnetic resonance imaging is an accurate clinical technique for detecting the relative distribution of ferritin in the brain. In normal adults, iron is found in highest concentrations in the globus pallidus, red nucleus, pars reticulata of the substantia nigra, and dentate nucleus of the cerebellum; its distribution is clearly mapped as signal hypointensity (darkness) on a T2-weighted image due to local-field heterogeneities produced by ferritin. Iron is absent at birth and increases in concentration in the putamen in the elderly. Poorly drug-responsive Parkinson’s disease (multiple-system atrophy) is characterized by premature signal hypointensity in the putamen and caudate, while Hallervorden-Spatz disease exhibits abnormal hypointensity in the globus pallidus in children. Dyskinetic disorders often have abnormal signal hyperintensity (whiteness) in the putamen related to gliosi

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116447

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

30 patients with acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis were treated by ACTH, dexamethasone or methylprednisolone in a double-blind randomized study. Clinical parameters were assessed; cerebrospinal fluid and neurophysiological parameters (visual- and brainstem-evoked potentials) were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of treatment. Dexamethasone was more effective than ACTH and 6-methylprednisolone in shortening bout duration. Neither CSF nor neurophysiological parameters were significantly affected by therapy.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116368

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Although rigidity and akinesia are two of the cardinal features of Parkinson’s disease, their exact pathophysiology remains uncertain. Mechanisms which may contribute to rigidity include accentuation of the long-latency component of the stretch reflex and enhanced fusimotor drive causing increased sensitivity of muscle spindles. Current evidence concerning the role of these factors in rigidity is reviewed. The relationship between akinesia, prolonged reaction times, and delay in initiation of internally generated movements in parkinsonian patients is discusse

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116448

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We describe a patient with localized scleroderma in association with homolateral atrophy of the tongue and marked ipsilateral facial hemiatrophy which was confirmed histologically. CT scan coronal sections of the face showed severe atrophy of the tongue and facial muscles. The EMG studies failed to demonstrate a neurogenic or myogenic process.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116369

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000203408

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1911

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

445 cases of chronic subdural hematomas have been operated on during the last 35 years (1951–1986). The ages of the patients ranged from 14 to 91 years and averaged 54 years. Two groups of patients were considered and compared: (A) extremely aged patients, who were over 75 years old, and (B) patients in their sixth decade of life whose age was in fact close to the mean age of chronic subdural hematoma patients in our experience. There were 35 cases (8% of the total number of cases) in group A and 113 cases (26%) in group B.Presumably etiological trauma was less severe in elderly patients who more frequently showed a background of hormonal derangement, such as liver and/or prostatic disease. Bilateral hematomas were detected more frequently in older patients. They usually presented with mental retardation, unlike younger patients who more frequently had symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure. Early postoperative complications occurred more frequently in older patients. However, this did not preclude obtaining good results in more than three quarters of them. The implications of these findings are discusse

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116370

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Simple reaction time lengthens in parkinsonian patients as the severity of motor disorder progresses. Shortening of reaction time was obtained by giving a warning signal to a greater extent in cases with severer motor disability. The results suggest that inattention, one of several symptoms common to lesions in the frontal lobe and Parkinson’s disease, may be a factor in bradykinesia in purposive movements in the disease. The Wisconsin card sorting test and criterion shift task which we devised to deal with a single category revealed that parkinsonian patients have difficulty in dealing with multiple sets simultaneously, which may be caused also by inattention. In execution of ballistic movement in parkinsonian patients, only a small torque constant in amount and in time can be produced in the beginning, irrespective of the size of force required, and subsequently enough force is built up to reach the target. This was more marked in cases with severe motor disability and in cases with decrease in power. Rigidity, mechanical properties of the limb or disorders in ocular movement were not responsible for the production of the initial small torque. Oculo-manual incoordination in visuomotor tracking tasks is also discusse

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116449

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger