ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/011542659501000101

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/011542659501000104

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Medical foods are enterally administered formulas used as complete or supplemental nutrition support in the treatment of diseases and clinical disorders of hospitalized or incapacitated adult patients. Because clinical trials have failed to demonstrate a consistent benefit of these products on morbidity and mortality rates, it has been difficult to reach consensus on their primary role. Are medical foods components of supportive care or should they be considered pharmacologic treatment? To date, the US Congress has defined medical foods, but the Food and Drug Administration has not developed regulatory statutes for them beyond those designed to ensure the sanitary manufacture of all processed foods. Before effective regulations can be developed, medical foods need to be defined further in order to distinguish them from each other and from other classes of nutritional products such as parenteral nutrients or infant formulas. Because we believe that the role of medical foods is in supportive care rather than pharmacologic therapy, we argue that these products should be subject to regulations similar to those that apply to conventional foods.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/011542659501000108

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this rapidly changing environment, nutrition support professionals would do well to hone their political skills and use them to persuade their administrators that nutrition support is indeed a cost‐effective therapy that benefits patients—and that it is best delivered in an interdisciplinary approach.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0884533695010002S03

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Veno‐occlusive disease of the liver is a common complication following the administration of conditioning regimens to patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Free‐radical damage to the liver is believed to be the cause of the hepatic outflow occlusion, and maintenance of adequate antioxidant stores of glutathione and vitamin E may be a means of counteracting the hepatotoxicity. We report the case of a 44‐year‐old woman who developed severe veno‐occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation and was treated with vitamin E, the major antioxidant of the cell membrane, and glutamine, a precursor of glutathione. The administration of this therapy was associated with reversal of the clinical and biochemical signs of severe hepatic dysfunction.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/011542659501000116

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nutrition support teams today are being buffeted by the winds of change. With the emphasis shifting from whether to deliver care to how to do so and to how much that care will cost, nutrition support professionals must stay attuned to their institution's needs—and be prepared to adapt to those needs.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0884533695010002S04

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Free radicals are produced in the body as by products of normal metabolism and as a result of exposure to radiation and some environmental pollutants. Because they are highly reactive, they can damage cellular components and are implicated in a variety of diseases. Free radicals are normally neutralized by efficient systems in the body that include the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and the nutrient‐derived antioxidant small molecules (vitamin E, vitamin C, carotenes, flavonoids, glutathione, uric acid, and taurine). In healthy individuals, a delicate balance exists between free radicals and antioxidants. In some pathologic conditions such as diabetes, and in critically ill patients, oxidative stress causes the level of antioxidants to fall below normal. Antioxidant supplements for such conditions are expected to be of benefit. As a preventive measure against certain diseases, the best approach for healthy individuals is to regularly consume adequate amounts of antioxidant‐rich foods, eg, fruits and vegetables.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/011542659501000119

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Many hospitals have strong political leaders who question the need for a nutrition support service. In addition, the pressures of economic and health care reform are forcing administrators to cut unnecessary and unproven— albeit beneficial—services. The challenge for nutrition support services is clear‐cut: To survive, nutrition support teams must understand the changes in health care and must learn how to adapt to them.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0884533695010002S05

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The 1995 standards developed by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations are now in effect. In an unprecedented shift, the manual focuses on performance rather than structure and process. It emphasizes the interdisciplinary delivery of care, including nutrition care. This article describes the new standards as they relate to nutrition support professionals.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/011542659501000126

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0884533695010002S06

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY