摘要:

The increasing demand for voluntarily donated blood has generated research concerned with the development of commitment to regular blood donation. Taking a developmental perspective, this paper explores the longitudinal impact of background, situational, and dispositional factors measured at one's first donation. Questionnaire responses from a sample of first‐time donors are analyzed and logistic regression analysis is employed to predict successive “continuation decisions” (the decisions to donate twice, three times, and four times). Results suggest that factors may change in their magnitude and direction of impact across the donor's career. Externally focused social pressures and rewards are dominant at the early stages and self‐originating factors at the later stages. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are di

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb00883.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two studies are reported which examined physiological responsiveness to changes in level of nonverbal intimacy cues expressed by a partner during an interview conducted across interactive television. Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 separately examined the effects of decreasing apparent interactive distance (produced by alteration of image size) and increasing eye‐contact on subjects' heart rate and pulse amplitude. The findings suggest that shifts in these nonverbal approach cues are related to cardiovascular changes including bradycardia and a modest compensatory increase in pulse amplitude. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of the hypothesized relationship between cardiovascular functioning and information processing and practical considerations for the use of interactive televisio

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb00884.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of sex role and physical attractiveness stereotypes on subjects' perceptions of a stimulus person were examined in a field study of their influence on occupational suitability ratings. The present research distinguished the biological sex from the sex role of a hypothetical job applicant. A sample of personnel consultant subjects evaluated a male or female stimulus applicant, who was attractive or unattractive, for masculine, feminine, and sex‐neutral occupations. The stimulus applicant was either masculine, feminine, or androgynous in hisher sex role. Consistent with the experimental hypothesis, masculine and androgynous persons were preferred to feminine persons for the masculine occupations while feminine and androgynous persons were preferred to masculine persons for the feminine occupations, regardless of biological sex or attractiveness. Also consistent with predictions, attractiveness influenced ratings for the sex‐neutral occupations. Results are discussed in terms of the influence of individuating information about a stimulus person in eliminating the effects of stereotypes on judgments of individuals. Possible implications for personnel decision making are also conside

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb00885.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent research has demonstrated that parties to a dispute attend to, and make evaluations of, the procedures that are used to resolve disputes. A central focus of this research has been on procedural and distributive fairness. Two studies were conducted in an attempt to identify criteria used by parties to organizational disputes to choose and evaluate dispute resolution procedures. Sixteen criteria were identified, including fairness. In a third study, these criteria were also found to be relevant to police officers involved in crisis intervention. Discussion focuses on the implication of these findings for theories of dispute resolution, for general issues in the psychology of fairness, and for practical concerns.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb00886.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bales (1981) tied his new method of group observation (SYMLOG) io several well‐established theories and methods in the social sciences. Among these was Eysenck's Social Attitude space. With two reservations, Bales' initial assumptions concerning the isomorphism of the image or value level of SYMLOG and the Eysenck space were confirmed. First, conservatism was more strongly linked to self‐interest and concern for material success and power than to conventionality. Second, the two dimensions of the Eysenck space were correlated in our sample. It is suggested that, while the structure of attitudes and values may remain constant, the correlations between dimensions can be used as an indication of primary and secondary polarizations in attitudes and values and that these polarizations may well reflect the political structure of the specific context. Implications of this observation for the analysis of issue polarization and policy formation are discussed, as are several points of comparison between the two syst

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb00887.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The verbal behavior of attorneys and witnesses (rape victims) in direct and cross‐examinations was coded according to a taxonomy of verbal response modes (VRMs). Significant differences were found between the verbal behavior of attorneys and witnesses on direct and cross‐examination. The differences are those that would be expected on the basis of the advice given by legal authors concerning the techniques that should be used in the two types of interrogation. The VRMs reflect the different techniques that attorneys use in their efforts to influence juries' impressions of witnesses' credibil

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb00888.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study looks at some effects of five different styles of women's clothing: Formal Skirt, Formal Pants, Casual Skirt, Casual Pants, and Jeans. There were no significant differences in compliance to a request to fill out a questionnaire made by experimenters dressed in the five clothing styles, although experimenter age and sex effects were found. Ratings of photographs of the five dress styles indicate that a model was viewed by both male and female subjects as most happy, successful, feminine, interesting, attractive, intelligent, and wanted as a friend when wearing a Formal Skirt outfit and as least so when wearing Jeans. She was also seen as more active when wearing pants as compared with a skirt. Subjects' reasons for choosing what clothing to wear did not indicate that how one will appear to others is the major factor in clothing selection. It appears that clothing does communicate something about the wearer but may influence behavior toward her primarily in the absence of other information about her status.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb00889.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY