摘要:

In Fall 1990, a knowledge, attitude, belief, and practices (KABP) survey was administered to a representative sample of residents of St. Vincent and the Grenadines, an island nation in the Eastern Caribbean. The KABP questionnaire contained a large number of questions that could reasonably be expected to be related to whether or not people use condoms. To a certain extent, each of these questions can be viewed as an attempt to assess one of the variables identified by one or more theories of behavior and behavior change. More specifically, questions on the KABP were identified as possible indicants of AIDS knowledge, cues to action, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived (locus of) control, perceived normative pressure, and condom use outcome expectancies. Statistical analyses indicated that some, but not all, of these variables were related to condom use among sexually active adults. In particular, the analyses indicated that perceived normative pressure to use condoms was the single most important determinant of condom use behaviors on St. Vincent. The implications of this finding for designing mass‐media campaigns to increase condom use is discussed, and a campaign that attempts to change condom use by influencing perceived social norms is strongly recommende

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Based on extensive formative research in the three Eastern Caribbean countries of St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Grenada (Fishbein, Middlestadt,&Trafimow, 1993; Fishbein, Trafimow, et al., 1993), a three‐nation, mass media, condom use campaign was developed. In order to assess the impact of the campaign, a follow‐up survey was conducted in St. Vincent and the Grenadines. This paper examines the effectiveness of the campaign by comparing responses on this survey by respondents who were or were not exposed to the campaign. A statistically significant impact of exposure to the campaign was obtained, indicating that a well‐designed, empirically based, mass media campaign can be an effective tool in the battle to prevent the spread of

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01581.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between depression and somatic symptoms such as headache has never been explained. Both depression and headache appear to become more prevalent among women than among men only for cohorts that reach adolescence during periods of great change in opportunities for a female's academic achievement. In Studies 1a and 1b, the same pattern was found to apply to the correlation between depression and headache. In Studies 2a and 2b, self‐report measures of depression and headache were found to share significant variance only among female adolescents who reported concerns regarding the limited achievements of their mothers. These females may view the roles of adult women as being limited and may experience stress and low self‐esteem associated with depressive and somatic symptomatol

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01582.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study evaluated the hypothesis that major life events differ from daily life hassles in the extent to which a person receives social support and seeks social support. Specifically, it was expected that the experience of major life events would be associated with the greatest social support. The subjects were 320 students (160 men, 160 women). Each subject read a scenario describing a male or female target person who had experienced either major life events or daily hassles. Subjects then rated the amount of emotional support and the amount of practical support that the target person would receive and would seek from significant others. The analyses confirmed that targets who had suffered severe events in the form of major life events were rated higher in both seeking and receiving social support from significant others. These differences were present for the ratings of emotional support and practical support. Overall, the findings suggest that the greater negative influence of daily hassles on psychological adjustment may be due, in part, to the reduced social support associated with the experience of daily life hassles. The implications of the findings are discussed with particular reference to help seeking in therapeutic contexts.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01583.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined 72 women's retrospectively reported reactions to miscarriage, including depression, stress, and anxiety. The buffering role of women's attributional explanations for the event, the significance of the loss of the baby, coping strategies, and women's knowledge of miscarriage were also assessed. Correlational analyses revealed that women's attributions were tied to their reactions, in that the more women blamed their own character or doctor, the more severely they reacted. Coping strategies accounted for a large portion of the variance (64%), whereby women who used cognitive restructuring as a strategy suffered less adverse reactions than did those who used social withdrawal or wishrul thinking. Women's knowledge before miscarriage, rather than after, accounted for 6% of the variance in their reactions. Examining the interrelations of these variables revealed that the amount of women's knowledge before miscarriage was related to less wishful thinking, and their knowledge after the event was related to less problem avoidance. Women's attributions were also related to their coping strategies: Blaming one's character, behavior, or doctor were positively related to self‐criticism and social withdrawal, and negatively related to support from doctors and significant others. The implications of these findings for interventions to facilitate adjustment to miscarriage and future research are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01584.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A model examining factors related to quality of exchange in leader‐member dyads was developed and tested. Subordinates and supervisors in 223 dyads in a manufacturing setting provided demographic data and completed measures of performance and attitude towards work. Results found organization citizenship behaviors, leader‐member attitude similarity, and similarity of education to be related to quality of leader‐member exc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01585.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY