摘要:

An experimental simulation methodology examined how people weigh the wishes of the donor and the next‐of‐kin in recommending whether the latter should consent to donate the organs of a deceased loved one. Subjects read several brief stories, each describing a young adult who had died suddenly and whose kin faced the decision of whether to donate their loved one's organs. Each scenario had four versions, identical except for minor wording changes providing information about the organ donation wish of the potential donor and the next‐of‐kin. Subjects indicated “yes,”“no,” or “I'm undecided” about whether the kin should donate the organs. Subjects weighted the wishes of the deceased much more heavily than their own or those of the next‐of‐kin when those wishes were stated directly. When the deceased's wishes had to be inferred indirectly, attitudes of the next‐of‐kin and the experimental subject affected the decision much more. Implications for organ procurem

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Forty‐three (43) students from the Talent Identification Program's Summer Residential Program living in North Carolina took the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised (WISC‐R; Wechsler, 1974) during the program. The test was also administered to 50 other North Carolina Students who qualified for the SRP but did not attend, as well as 34 students who had not been identified as gifted. The scores were evaluated for normative and idiographic strengths and weaknesses on the 12 subtests of the WISC‐R. The idiographic differences were calculated by comparison against the average score of only the 6 subtests in the same subscale of the test (Verbal or Performance) as well as against all 12 subtests on the test. It was found by means of the former comparisons that the gifted students showed significantly more idiographic strengths on the Verbal scales and weaknesses on the Performance scales than the academically competent

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A survey of peace activists, defense industry workers and psychology students (n= 283) was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of Protection Motivation Theory (Maddux&Rogers, 1983; Rogers, 1975) for predicting the extent and direction (Disarmist vs. Deterrentist) of respondents' efforts to prevent nuclear war. Regression analyses showed that the Protection Motivation model did account for a significant proportion of the variance in disarmist behavior, and that extending the model to include a measure of belief in the inevitability of war improved the model's predictive power. The model did not predict deterrentist advocacy, an outcome that suggests that activism in support of nuclear deterrence may be a response to a perceived threat from an “enemy” rather than a response to the threats represented by nuclear weapons and preparations for

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The construct of national self‐identity has been theoretically elaborated, following Tajfel's (1981) distinction between criterial and correlated (dimensional) attributes. A third identity component, affects for country, was included with these two aspects. The research program built on these distinctions was designed to compare the national self‐identities of Polish immigrants to Canada. Men and women who were new (recent), old (WWII veterans) or second generation immigrants participated in the study.Polish criterial identity (knowledge and personal relevance of national symbols) exhibited a gradual decline from new to second generation immigrants, and a similar but sharper rise in Canadian criterial identity occurred. Correlated aspect of identity was measured as the similarity between self and Canadian/Polish prototypes. Unlike in the criterial sense, Self/Polish was stronger than Self/Canadian correlated identity. Self/Polish identity showed stability across gender and generation. Self/Canadian showed an increase, but only in women. Rating the prototypes high in materialism and low in the family/social concern factor resulted in a low Self/Canadian identity. Four factors were found in the affects for country test: healthy, neurotic, psychotic, and involvement. The first was predominantly a Canadian factor, and the second was a Polish factor. With a succession of new, old, and second generation groups, results showed a shift from less to more positive, from less to more concerned, and from more to less psychotic affects toward Canada. Affects toward Poland were fixed across the categories of subjects. Finally, a syndrome of positive identity with Canada was found, consisting of its criterial, correlated, and healthy affect compone

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This investigation examined the relationship among subordinate upward‐influencing behavior, superior interpersonal stress, and superior performance within a health care setting. It was predicted that hard upward‐influencing behavior as exerted by subordinates would be (a) inversely related to subordinate ratings of health care manager performance and (b) positively associated with health care manager interpersonal stress. Data were collected from 76 females and 4 males who were subordinates to 10 health care managers. All were employees in a 116‐bed not‐for‐profit acute care community hospital. Subordinates completed the Satisfaction With My Supervisor Scale (Scarpello&Vandenberg, 1987), work unit and health care manager effectiveness scales (Bass, 1985b), and Form M of the Profiles of Organizational Influence Strategies (Kipnis&Schmidt, 1982). Interpersonal stress was assessed by the 10 health care managers' completion of the Responsibility for People subscale of the Stress Diagnostic Survey (Ivancevich&Matteson, 1980). The results generally supported the two hypotheses. The implications of these findings were discussed. It was recommended that organizations should encourage rational subordinate upward‐influencing behavior to reduce interpersonal stress and promote

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY