ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1971.tb00349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a series of three experiments, groups of people performed tasks under varying conditions of density. The tasks ranged from very simple to complex, from rote memory to a test of creativity. Subjects worked on the tasks for 4 hours at a time for two or three successive days. There were no significant effects of density on performance, nor any consistent trends.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1971.tb00350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A questionnaire containing 62 items relating to the New Left and 28 items measuring anomia, authoritarianism, and Machiavellianism was given to 153 entering freshmen at Columbia in the fall of 1968. The five factors emerging from a factor analysis of responses to the items were labeled: New Left Philosophy, Revolutionary Tactics, Machiavellian Tactics, Machiavellian Cynicism, and Traditional Moralism. Students who had been politically active prior to coming to college scored higher than the rest of the group on New Left Philosophy, Revolutionary Tactics, and Machiavellian Cynicism, but scored lower on Machiavellian‘Tactics and Traditional Moralism. In the spring of 1969, a revised set of items was given to students in introductory psychology classes at Columbia University and New York University. While the findings from these subjects replicated those found with the Columbia freshmen, they showed subtle differences which led to speculations about the radicalization process. Also discussed are the relationships between the nature of political participation and all of the factors, with special emphasis on the discrepancy between Machiavellian Tactics and Cynicis

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1971.tb00351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate behavioral consequences of exposure to high‐intensity predictable and unpredictable noise, under conditions where subjects believed or did not believe they had control over noise termination. Subjects were a group of men and women, averaging 50 years of age, who had lived in an urban environment for most of their lives. Results showed that the work of adapting to uncontrollable, in contrast to controllable noise, produced greater performance impairments following termination of the noise. Predictable noise had minimal effects on postadaptive performance, even though subjects could not control its offset. Comparisons of these data with previous findings reported by the authors indicated that people living in urban settings for long periods of time show essentially the same negative consequences of noise adaptation as those living in cities for shorter duration

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1971.tb00352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Students' reactions to the occupation of a university building were surveyed on the first and last day of the occupation as well as several weeks following the end of the occupation. Respondents were either day or evening school students at two different campuses of the same university. Results of the survey indicate that: (1) The majority of students, both day and evening, believe that the university should negotiate with the occupiers. The only exception to this trend is a group of political conservatives who advocate punishment. (2) The conflict tends to polarize attitudes about radicals, but mostly against them rather than in their favor. (3) A striking net increase is found in attitudes favorable to conventional political groups. (4) The closer the physical proximity of the respondent to the scene of the conflict, the more negative are his attitudes toward those who are seen as responsible for the disruption. (5) Evening school students are more negative toward the occupiers than are day school students. (6) The attitudes of young evening students are more similar to those of their older classmates than to those of their day school agemates.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1971.tb00353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

High school students participated in a field experiment that tested the effects of exposure to early election returns in a nonpartisan referendum. On a pretest of attitudes, students stated their preferences on the issue of the school's grading policy. One week later, just before voting, subjects in the experimental condition received information announcing the probable outcome of the election. There was a significant relationship between class achievement level and (a) likelihood of changing vote, and (b) the direction of change. Students in the brighter classes changed their votes less frequently, but when they changed their preferences they showed a greater bandwagon effect. Students in the classes of lower academic achievement changed their votes more frequently, but when they changed their preferences they showed a greater underdog effect. Differences between the more typical political election in which bandwagon and underdog effects are seldom reported and the experimental election were discussed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1971.tb00354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study examined how socially isolated groups were affected by and used their physical environment during an 8‐day period. Pairs of men were isolated under different conditions of privacy, outside stimulation, and expected time in isolation. Measures were taken of environmentally oriented behaviors such as social activities; territoriality for beds, chairs, and areas of the room, use of beds; and performance on team and individual tasks. The results indicate that unsuccessful groups exhibited a pattern of behavior reflecting their misestimate of the demands of the situation. The fact that many different levels of behavior fit together, over time, suggested the importance of an ecological approach to interpersonal behavior which examines many levels of functioningovertime as a system, with particular emphasis on the mutual relationship between man and his environmen

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1971.tb00355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY