摘要:

A theoretical analysis of observations of natural and man‐made disasters, festive social events, and task‐oriented crash programs led to a three‐factor hypothesis of attraction facilitation. It was proposed that interpersonal attraction toward strangers is facilitated when there is emotional arousal, sharing, and out‐of‐role behavior. In a laboratory investigation (N= 120), postexperimental attraction toward a dissimilar stranger increased when all three factors were present but not when only two of the three factors were present (p<.01). Consistent with the reinforcement‐affect model of attraction, increased attraction toward the stranger in the three‐factor conditions was paralleled by more positive feelings about the experiment in the three‐factor than in the two‐factor conditions. Knowledge of the variables underlying facilitation effects could be utilized on a societal basis to create attraction‐en

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1975.tb00668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Reported nonmedical use and intentions for future use of eight groups of psychoactive drugs were conceptualized and arrayed to represent a person's usage career. Intentions closely predicted usage eight months later. Changes in careers were analyzed from data obtained in surveys of all students at a univeristy in 1968 and three follow‐up surveys of the class of 1972. In 1968, the most common order of extent of use of the drug groups was: beer, hard liquor, tobacco, cannabis, depressants, amphetamines, hallucinogens, and narcotics. Students' starting, usage, and intent patterns for the drugs displayed hierarchical, Guttman‐like, scalability in approximately this order. Intentions to progress to new drugs on the scale were strong in all classes in 1968. In the class of 1972, however, despite growing experience with the less common drugs as they went through college, intentions to return to more common drugs grew and intentions to progress to new ones decreased, relative to both themselves as freshmen and to equivalent level classes in 1968. The pattern of these changes suggests that it is hazardous to extrapolate from early usage and intent data in predicting the long‐term course of

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1975.tb00669.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent concern with population growth has begun to stimulate interest in the effect of crowding on humans. This report presents a model of crowding based on the concept of normative expectations concerning appropriate interaction distances. A study of acute experimental crowding was then conducted. Contrary to findings of prior research, the present study found that crowding produced arousal. Subsequent social behavior, however, was mediated by different sex‐specific group processes. In general, crowded male groups displayed a competitive, fragmented orientation, whereas crowded women formed cohesive, cooperative groups. Contrary to preliminary expectations, subjects were differentially effected by crowding based on their seating position in the crowded roo

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1975.tb00670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study was conducted to identify codes of nonverbal behavior which could be used by interviewers in a standard field interview to systematically assess deception and emotional states of respondents. Ten male and 10 female subjects were interviewed on topics that had been pretested to arouse in them pleasant involvement, passivity, and unpleasant involvement. Subjects were also instructed to lie to the interviewer on issues of importance to them. Eye contact was measured by observation through a one‐way mirror. Smiles, gestures, self‐manipulations and postural shifts were scored from videotapes of the interview. The most distinctive patterns of nonverbal cues occurred with unpleasant‐involvement and deception questions. The former state was characterized by increases in smiling, self‐manipulations, and postural shifts. Deception responses were marked by decreases in smiling and increases in self‐manipulations and postural shifts. Results also suggested that eye contact functioned as an intensifier

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1975.tb00671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sixty‐four checks were cashed in a field examination of sex role discrimination using a non‐sex‐role stereotyped (neutral role) task. Experimenter (customer) sex, subject (teller) sex, amount of the check, and bank branch were varied to produce a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 design. Transaction times were longer for female customers than for male customers, and were longer with male tellers than with female tellers. Results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis of greater sex role salience in cross‐sex, as compared with same‐sex dyads. Suggestions are made for further research using neutral‐role tasks to better define certain

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1975.tb00672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the week prior to the November 1972 U.S. Presidential election, 249 college students heard a young, “freaky”‐appearing or an old, “straight”‐appearing speaker—corresponding to a stereotyped McGovern or Nilon advocate—deliver a speech for either the expected or unexpected candidate. Espectancy had little effect on speaker ratings, but speakers were rated more positively by subjects who were similar to them in age. appearance, and (especially) candidate preference. Similarity, particularly in regard to preferred presidential candidate, affected the ratings of the speaker made by pro‐McGovern subjects to a greater degree than the ratings made by pro‐Nixon subjects. These data suggested that college‐aged Nixon supporters may have experienced an id

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1975.tb00673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Inmates at a federal correctional institution were examined for their criterion of what constitutes overcrowding. In general, inmates who were housed under highly crowded conditions exhibited less tolerance of overcrowding than did those who were housed under relatively less crowded conditions. Higher crowding also yielded more negative affective responses to the physical environment. This relationship existed only with respect to a social‐density measure of crowding and not for a spatial‐density meas

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1975.tb00674.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY