摘要:

Video games vary in terms of the emotional states they elicit from players. These differences in emotional reactions, in turn, help account for differential preferences of individual games. The three independent dimensions of pleasure‐displeasure, arousal‐nonarousal, and dominance‐submissiveness were used to assess emotional impacts of individual games. In addition, a preference measure was constructed to evaluate attraction toward, versus avoidance of, specific games. In Study One, a group of subjects provided data on emotional responses to 22 common arcade video games and a different group rated their preferences for the same games. The emotional impact of video games was highly unpleasant, moderately arousing, and moderately dominance‐inducing; thus, the predominant emotional response to these games was aggression, anger, or hostility. I n Study Two, subjects visiting a video game arcade were recruited and assigned to play two games each and to report their reactions to each game immediately after playing the game. Results showed that greater feelings of pleasure, and separately of arousal, while playing video games resulted in higher preferences for the games and that greater dominance (significant only for males) also led to higher preferences. It may be beneficial, therefore, to experiment with more arousing and more dominance‐inducing game designs which are not necessarily unpleasant or which definitely yield high

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb02274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Male and female subjects interviewed female applicants for an entry‐level management position. The applicants were actually confederates of the researcher who engaged or did not engage in two different tactics of self‐presentation: the emission of many positive nonverbal cues and the use of one popular grooming aid (perfume). It was predicted that alone, each of these tactics would enhance ratings assigned to the applicants. However, together, they would induce negative reactions among interviewers (e.g., attributions of manipulativeness to the applicant). It was further hypothesized that such reactions would be stronger among male than among female interviewers. Finally, it was predicted that the two self‐presentational tactics investigated would affect interviewers' memory for information presented by the applicants. Results offered support for all of these hypot

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb02275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Persuasive communication and public commitment were used to encourage recycling in a citywide program. The persuasive communication was a combination of factors which have been found by laboratory researchers to produce attitude and/or behavior change. The public commitment manipulation involved signing a statement supportive of recycling. Households which did not recycle during a 6‐week baseline period were selected for experimental study. Trained Boy Scouts made an oral informational statement and then gave each of 201 experimental households one of three treatments (a written persuasive communication, public commitment, or both). A control group of 132 homes received no treatment. Recycling was observed for 6 weeks following delivery of all treatments. Results indicated that the three treatment groups recycled significantly more than the control group but did not differ significantly from each other. Future directions for applied work in this domain are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb02276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Problems facing public housing authorities can be addressed through two basic alternative perspectives. One assumes that difficulties result from the behavior of certain “problem” tenants and recommends careful screening of applicants. This perspective influenced a housing authority in a small city, which desired a means to select tenants who would be less likely to exhibit problems. Information in the records of the housing authority was analyzed to identify tenant characteristics predictive of problem tenancy. The findings indicated that these problems were not as widespread as believed by management and that tenant characteristics were not strongly predictive of problems. Application of this approach would probably not constitute a significant improvement over present practices and might allow unfair discrimination to occur unwittingly. Instead, the most feasible strategy to reduce the impact of problem tenancy, even within a single locale, seems to be to focus on management practices and to address the more fundamental causes of tenant difficult

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb02277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study investigates the way in which observers judged physicians who engaged in various acts of euthanasia. These acts varied over two dimensions: voluntary versus nonvoluntary (on the patient's part) and active versus passive (on the physician's part). Vignettes about a patient who was severely burned in an apartment fire were read by 632 subjects (199 men and 433 women). The vignettes varied the physician's actions and whether the patient requested to die or not. After reading one vignette, participants responded to a 19‐item questionnaire to assess the moral evaluation, responsibility, and professional conduct of the physician. The results indicated no significant differences in the perception of the physician involved in voluntary or nonvoluntary euthanasia. The physician was perceived more negatively, held more responsible, and perceived as acting outside the standards of the medical profession in situations of active euthanasia in contrast to passive euthanasia. The data also suggested that the temporal relationship of the physician's behavior to the patient's death affected the perception of the physician's responsibility and professional conduc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb02278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the present study is to determine the effects of two types of status on judges' sentencing decisions. One type emphasized the defendant's history of conformity (conformity status); the other emphasized his power (power status). Also examined were the crime's outcome for the group (activity significance), and its severity (degree of deviance). Subjects were 81 university students assuming the role of sentencing judge and presented with case descriptions of defendants. Higher levels of assigned punishment were significantly related to higher levels of degree of deviance and activity significance, and to lower levels of conformity status. Power status had no significant influence on punishment decisions. It is concluded that predicting differential treatment of defendants requires an understanding of several variables, and that the importance of status as a factor depends on the particular type of status involved.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb02279.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb02280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY