摘要:

The present study testcd the hypotheses that crowded subjects would evidence higher levels of arousal than uncrowded subjects and that the arousal of crowded subjects would not habituate with the passage of time. In a laboratory setting, subjects were exposed three tinies over a 3‐week period to either crowding with physical contact or an uncrowded environment. A high degree of convergence in support of the experimental hypotheses was provided by behavioral, physiological, and self‐report measures. Crowded subjects were more physiologically aroused; rated by confederates to be more tense, uncomfortable, and annoyed; and reported more negative affect than uncrowded subjects. No evidence for habituation of. response to crowding was fo

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00818.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Reactions to patients who complain of pain were explored in an experimental study in which nursing students viewed a videotape of a “hospital patient”. The medical diagnosis and the physical attractiveness of the patient were systematically varied. Results indicated that an ambiguous diagnosis itself led to a negative impression of the patient, rather than leading to the use of nonrnedically relevant information (physical attractiveness) to form an impression. Patients with an ambiguous diagnosis were rated less favorably on trait adjectives, and their pain was seen as less genu

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00819.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study focuses on the long‐term stable levels of environmental choice and control available in community care settings, and explores how variations in these factors affect elderly residents of such settings. New methods to evaluate naturally‐existing levels of policy choice and resident control are developed and applied to a representative sample of residential care facilities. The findings showed that residents with more functional resources, and women residents, were inore likely to live in facilities high in choice and control, and that these personal and environmental factors were associated with better resident functioning and more cohesive, independence‐oriented social environments with relatively little conflict. Functionallyable residents reacted more positively to high control and women residents reacted more positively to high choice. Investigators who attempt to manipulate perceived control in institutional settings need to consider the existing opportunities residents have to exercise control, as well as the levels of other relevant personal and environmental reso

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00820.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An experiment investigated the effectiveness of strategies that could be used by a physically disabled person to reduce the social handicap of being avoided in first encounters. Female college students indicated their preference for social interaction before and after learning the other person was a male in a wheelchair or nondisabled. When the disabled person made a general comment mentioning his disability after a request for help or after a miscue, change in preference for social interaction was more positive than when he did not mention his disability, providing evidence for the effectiveness of mentioning the disability following an incident involving the disability. Mention of the disability in the absence of an incident involving the disability was not found to be effective. The different ways of mentioning the disability did not affect the favorability of impressions of the disabled person, as measured by ratings of his characteristics. Impressions were generally more favorable for the disabled person than the person not in a wheelchair.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00821.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a previous study which analyzed the content of a sample of 1972 primetime television programming, Manes and Melnyk (1974) concluded that television portrayed employment and marriage as incompatible life‐styles for women. The present study applied the same content analysis procedures to a sample of 1978 prime‐time television programming. Results indicated that female characters employed outside the home were significantly less likely to be married than were employed male characters (p<.001), a finding which replicated the result obtained previously. In contrast to the 1972 results, however, analyses of the 1978 data revealed that employed married women were not significantly less likely than either their male counterparts or unemployed housewives to be depicted as successfully marr

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00822.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study demonstrated increased reporting rates of a staged shoplifting in a university bookstore. Two methods of information presentation (lecture format, mass‐media campaign) succeeded in producing these effects. The type of information given to 72 male and 99 female students was also varied and included: (1) how and why to report shoplifting, (2) the social‐psychological factors which inhibit reporting, and (3) a combination of these. All types of information increased the reporting rates compared to the control groups. The lecture format increased reporting rates above that of the mass‐media groups. No sex differences were found. The findings have implications for the way factual knowledge and attitudes interact in influencing beh

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00823.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Presentence reports on 628 offenders were content analyzed. Regression analysis found that remorseful offenders received less severe sentences than non‐remorseful offenders. Offenders convicted of minor offenses received more lenient sentences if they had used alcohol in conjunction with their crimes than if they did not use alcohol. The opposite was the case for offenders commiting serious crimes. Remorseful offenders with few prior alcohol‐related convictions received less severe sanctioning than non‐remorseful offenders with similar conviction records. In contrast, recidivists who were remorseful were dealt with more harshly than their non‐remorseful count

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00824.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY